A Review of Enzyme-Induced Calcium Carbonate Precipitation Applicability in the Oil and Gas Industry.

Enzyme-induced calcium carbonate precipitation (EICP) techniques are used in several disciplines and for a wide range of applications. In the oil and gas industry, EICP is a relatively new technique and is actively used for enhanced oil recovery applications, removal of undesired chemicals and generating desired chemicals , and plugging of fractures, lost circulation, and sand consolidation. Many oil- and gas-bearing formations encounter the problem of the flow of sand grains into the wellbore along with the reservoir fluids.