Seasonal variation in trachoma prevalence among children, District Dera Ghazi Khan of Punjab, Pakistan.

Objective: The study objective was to estimate trachoma prevalence in relation to seasonal variation among children.

Methods: Study Design was cross sectional and data was collected during all seasons of the year. After randomization of population units, 10% of them were identified by lottery and 5% of them were selected and examined for active trachoma case detection by simple random sampling technique.

Higher frequency of Congenital Hypothyroidism among Newborns, District Dera Ghazi Khan-Punjab, Pakistan: A case control study.

Objectives: The study objective was to establish serum TSH cut off value for diagnosis of new case of congenital hypothyroidism and to estimate frequency of Congenital Neonatal Hypothyroidism.

Methods: A case control study was conducted at DHQ Teaching Hospital of DG Khan Medical College, Dera Ghazi Khan during 2020 to establish reference values of TSH and T4 for study population. Sample size was calculated by classical sample size calculation formula Cochran WG 1977 sampling technique.

Indigenous leprosy in Dera Ghazi Khan Division, Punjab, Pakistan.

Objective: The study objective was to identify the main foci of leprosy in Southern Punjab and identify the problems precipitating prevalence of disease.

Methods: This was a retrospective study, from 2017 to 2012. A total number of sixty-five cases (n=65) were detected during this period.

Active trachoma among children of District Dera Ghazi Khan, Punjab, Pakistan: A cross sectional study.

Objective: This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of trachoma among children of age one month to 15 years.

Methods: Community based cross sectional study was conducted in district Dera Ghazi Khan from January to December 2014. The simple random sampling technique was employed.

The impact of S- and G2-checkpoint response on the fidelity of G1-arrest by cisplatin and its comparison to a non-cross-resistant platinum(IV) analog.

Objective: Cisplatin is a DNA-damaging antitumor agent that is highly effective in treating ovarian cancer. It activates the p53/p21 pathway for its cytotoxic mode of action, but it does not induce p21-dependent cell cycle arrest in G1. Therefore, we investigated this paradox, and used the model analog DAP as a positive control for p21-dependent G1-arrest.

Phase II study of a liposome-entrapped cisplatin analog (L-NDDP) administered intrapleurally and pathologic response rates in patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma.

Purpose: To determine pathologic response rates to liposome-entrapped cis-bisneodecanoato-trans-R,R-1,2-diaminocyclohexane platinum(II) (L-NDDP) administered intrapleurally in patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma.

Patients And Methods: Thirty-three patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma and free-flowing pleural effusions received intrapleural L-NDDP once every 3 weeks at a dose of 450 mg/m2. Thoracoscopic evaluation with pleural biopsies was performed before therapy and then after every two cycles.

Induction of p21 by p53 following DNA damage inhibits both Cdk4 and Cdk2 activities.

DNA damage often activates the p53-p21 pathway and causes G(1)-phase arrest in mammalian cells. Although there is ample evidence that p21 induction by p53 leads to Cdk2 inhibition, it is unclear whether this checkpoint event also leads to Cdk4 inhibition. Diaminocyclohexane(trans-diacetato)(dichloro) platinum(IV) (DAP), a platinum-based coordination complex, is a DNA-damaging agent that is effective against a variety of tumor cells resistant to the parental drug cisplatin.

Model platinum nucleobase and nucleoside complexes and antitumor activity: X-ray crystal structure of [PtIV(trans-1R,2R-diaminocyclohexane)trans-(acetate)2(9-ethylguanine)Cl]NO3.H2O.

A series of platinum(II) and (IV) monoadducts of the type [Pt(II)(DACH)LCl]NO3 and [Pt(IV)(DACH)trans-(X)2LCl]NO3 (where DACH=trans-1R,2R-diaminocyclohexane, L=adenine, guanine, hypoxanthine, cytosine, adenosine, guanosine, inosine, cytidine, 9-ethylguanine (9-EtGua), or 1-methylcytosine and X=hydroxo or acetato ligand) have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis and by 1H and 195Pt nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The crystal structure of the model nucleobase complex [Pt(IV)(trans-1R,2R-diaminocyclohexane)trans-(acetate)2(9-EtGua)Cl]NO3.H2O was determined using a single crystal X-ray diffraction method.

Increased sensitivity of a metastatic model of prostate cancer to a novel tetravalent platinum analog.

Background: DACH-Ac-Pt [(1R,2R-diaminocyclohexane)-(trans-diacetato)-(dichloro)-platinum(IV)] is a novel cisplatin (CDDP) analog, and we have evaluated its potential activity in human prostate cancers.

Methods: Cytotoxic, biochemical pharmacologic, cell cycle, and Western blot evaluations were conducted with platinum agents to assess the role of p53 genotype and androgen-dependence status on cellular response.

Results: CDDP and DACH-Ac-Pt were equiactive against mutant p53 and androgen-independent DU-145 or PC-3 tumor cells.

Status of p53 phosphorylation and function in sensitive and resistant human cancer models exposed to platinum-based DNA damaging agents.

Purpose: Resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs is a hallmark of many human cancers, which can occur independent of p53 gene status; however, the presence of wild-type p53 in chemorefractory tumors confers greater resistance to cisplatin, but such tumors do not display complete cross-resistance to the platinum analog (1R,2R-diaminocyclohexane)(trans-diacetato)(dichloro)platinumIV (DACH-Ac-Pt). In this article we examine DNA damage-induced phosphorylation of p53 and downstream p53-dependent transactivation events in cisplatin-sensitive and cisplatin-resistant human cancer cell lines possessing wild-type p53.

Methods: Western-blot analysis was utilized to study the effect of cisplatin and the analog on p53 phosphorylation and p53-dependent target genes.

cis-1,4-diaminocyclohexane-Pt(II) and -(IV) adducts with DNA bases and nucleosides.

A series of new platinum(II) and platinum(IV) adducts of type [P(II)(cis-1,4-DACH)LCl]NO(3,) where cis-1,4-DACH=cis-1,4-diaminocyclohexane, and L=9-ethylguanine, 1-methylcytosine, adenine, adenosine, cytosine, cytidine, guanine, and [Pt(IV)(cis-1,4-DACH)Ltrans-(X)(2)Cl]NO(3), (where Y=hydroxo or acetato), were synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, infrared spectroscopy, and 1H and 195Pt nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.

Preparation, characterization, and antitumor activity of new cisplatin analogues with 1-methyl-4-(methylamino)piperidine: crystal structure of [PtII(1-methyl-4-(methylamino) piperidine)(oxalate)].

A series of new platinum(II) complexes of the type [Pt(II)(mmap)X] (where mmap, 1-methyl-4-(methylamino)piperidine and X, 1,1-cyclobutanedicarboxylato (CBDCA), oxalato, malonato, methylmalonato, dimethylmalonato, ethylmalonato, diethylmalonato or 2,3-naphthalene dicarboxylato (NDCA)) have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, infrared (IR), and 13C and 195Pt nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The crystal structure of the analogue [Pt(II)(mmap)(oxalate)] was determined using the single crystal X-ray diffraction method. Based upon a total of 4964 collected reflections, we determined that the compound crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P2(1)/c (with a=11.