Unlocking the potential of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists in revolutionizing type 2 diabetes management: a comprehensive review.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a long-term metabolic disorder caused by inadequate production and resistance to insulin. The prevalence of DM is rapidly increasing, with type 2 diabetes (T2D) accounting for more than 90% of cases. Despite new treatments, many patients with T2D do not meet their glycemic targets due to clinical inertia.

Cytomegalovirus Colitis Mimicking Ulcerative Colitis Flare in an Immunocompromised Patient: A Challenging Diagnosis.

This case report details a 40-year-old male patient with a background of ulcerative colitis (UC), who presented with persistent bloody diarrhea refractory to standard treatment. The clinical picture was initially suggestive of a UC flare-up, prompting the continued use of immunosuppressive therapy. However, histopathological evaluation ultimately revealed cytomegalovirus (CMV) colitis, a condition that can mimic UC exacerbation but requires a distinct treatment approach.

Assessment of cardiovascular risk in patients with ANCA-associated vasculitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Although many chronic inflammatory conditions are linked to elevated cardiovascular risk, the specific extent of this risk in ANCA-associated vasculitis (AAV) remains elusive, largely due to the disease's rarity. Our study sought to clarify the cardiovascular risks and mortality linked to AAV.

Methods: A systematic literature review was conducted across multiple databases from their inception until April 2024 to identify studies comparing cardiovascular outcomes in patients with and without AAV.

Short- and long-term outcomes of antegrade versus retrograde approaches in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention for chronic total occlusion: A meta-analysis.

Background: Chronic Total Occlusion (CTO) involves severe coronary artery blockage that impairs blood flow and affects 15-20 % of patients undergoing coronary angiography and over 40 % with diabetes or heart failure. Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI) is used to restore blood flow in such cases. The retrograde approach, developed due to lower success with the antegrade method in complex cases, improves outcomes but increases complications.

Malnutrition Severity Predicts Clinical Outcomes in Alcoholic Hepatitis: Evidence from National Data.

Objective: Alcoholic hepatitis (AH) represents a severe manifestation of alcoholic liver disease (ALD) associated with a wide severity spectrum. ALD is linked to nutritional deficiencies, with the gravity of malnutrition escalating as alcohol abuse and ALD progress. This study aims to delve into the impact of malnutrition on the clinical trajectory of AH.

Left Atrial Strain as a Predictor of Early Anthracycline-Induced Chemotherapy-Related Cardiac Dysfunction: A Pilot Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

: Chemotherapy-related cardiac dysfunction (CTRCD) significantly affects patients undergoing anthracycline (AC) therapy, with a prevalence ranging from 2% to 20%. Reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and left ventricular global longitudinal strain (LV GLS) are prognostic parameters for CTRCD detection. Our study aimed to investigate the role of emerging parameters such as left atrial strain (LAS).

Therapeutic approaches for spinal synovial sarcoma: a comprehensive review of the literature.

Objective: Synovial sarcoma (SS) is a relatively rare type of soft-tissue sarcoma that is commonly treated with surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, and palliative care. Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) is an emerging approach that shows promise in treating CNS conditions, but it has not been studied for SS. The authors present a systematic review that explores the effectiveness of different treatments, with a focus on SRS, for managing spinal SS.

CRP Albumin Ratio: A novel noninvasive and cost-effective method for assessing the severity of acute pancreatitis.

Introduction: Acute pancreatitis is a significant and potentially life-threatening gastrointestinal disorder that requires prompt and accurate diagnosis for effective treatment. Current diagnostic methods often involve expensive and inaccessible imaging studies, such as CT scans, limiting their utility in emergency settings and underserved areas.

Aim: This correspondence discusses an innovative and cost-effective approach to assessing the severity of acute pancreatitis, focusing on the C-Reactive Protein-Albumin Ratio (CAR).

Inflammation of actinic keratosis from chemotherapy in a relapsed multiple myeloma patient.

A man in his 60 s with a history of actinic keratosis (AK) and relapsed IgG kappa multiple myeloma (MM) recently received VD-PACE (bortezomib, dexamethasone, cisplatin, doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, etoposide) chemotherapy and presented with numerous haemorrhagic, scaly lesions on his scalp and face. He also had sepsis from methicillin-sensitive (MSSA) bacteraemia. Since the lesions were only present in the areas of pre-existing AK, a diagnosis of inflammation of AK secondary to chemotherapy was made.

Efficacy analysis of different FLT3 inhibitors in patients with relapsed/refractory acute myeloid leukemia and high-risk myelodysplastic syndrome.

Several FLT3 inhibitors(i) are available to treat relapsed/refractory (R/R) -internal tandem duplicated acute myeloid leukemia (AML). This study analyzes the efficacies of various FLT3i (types 1 and 2) tested in clinical trials in treating R/R AML and high-risk myelodysplastic syndromes (HR-MDS). PubMed and EMBASE databases were searched for single/double-arm phase I/II/III R/R AML or HR-MDS clinical trials published between 1/1/2000 and 6/1/2021.

Gemcitabine-induced digital ischaemia in a patient with metastatic breast cancer.

A woman in her 50s with HER2 (human epidermal growth factor receptor 2) positive, estrogen/progesterone receptor negative, metastatic invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast, presented with acral cyanosis and severe throbbing pain after recent administration of gemcitabine. She was treated with aspirin, heparin, amlodipine, topical nitroglycerin and analgesics. Gemcitabine was discontinued permanently.