A comprehensive Review into Emission Sources, Formation Mechanisms, Ecological Effects, and Biotransformation Routes of Halogenated Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (HPAHs).

Halogenated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (HPAHs, H = F, Cl, Br) are a new class of PAHs derivatives that mainly originate from the incomplete combustion of halogen-laden materials and via metallurgical operations. These compounds circulate extensively in various environmental matrices. This survey provides a comprehensive review on governing synthesis routes of HPAHs, their environmental occurrence, and their health and ecological effects.

Correlation of chemical profiles obtained from H-NMR and LC-MS metabolomics with α-glucosidase inhibition activity for varietal selections of Ficus deltoidea.

Introduction: Ficus deltoidea Jack (Moraceae) is a plant used in Malaysia to treat various ailments, including diabetes. The presence of several varieties raises essential questions regarding which is the potential bioactive variety and what are the bioactive metabolites.

Objectives: Here, we explored the phytochemical diversity of the seven varieties from Peninsular Malaysia using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS) analyses and correlated it with the α-glucosidase inhibitory activity.

Combination of Goniothalamin and Sol-Gel-Derived Bioactive Glass 45S5 Enhances Growth Inhibitory Activity Apoptosis Induction and Cell Cycle Arrest in Breast Cancer Cells MCF-7.

Background: Combination of natural products with chemically synthesised biomaterials as cancer therapy has attracted great interest lately. Hence, this study is aimed at investigating the combined effects of goniothalamin and bioactive glass 45S5 (GTN-BG) and evaluating their anticancer properties on human breast cancer cells MCF-7.

Methods: The BG 45S5 was prepared using the sol-gel process followed by characterisation using PSA, BET, SEM/EDS, XRD, and FTIR.

In silico analysis prediction of HepTH1-5 as a potential therapeutic agent by targeting tumour suppressor protein networks.

Many studies reported that the activation of tumour suppressor protein, p53 induced the human hepcidin expression. However, its expression decreased when p53 was silenced in human hepatoma cells. Contrary to Tilapia hepcidin TH1-5, HepTH1-5 was previously reported to trigger the p53 activation through the molecular docking approach.

Structural and functional characterisation of HepTH1-5 peptide as a potential hepcidin replacement.

Hepcidin is a principal regulator of iron homeostasis and its dysregulation has been recognised as a causative factor in cancers and iron disorders. The strategy of manipulating the presence of hepcidin peptide has been used for cancer treatment. However, this has demonstrated poor efficiency and has been short-lived in patients.

Uptake and Toxicity of Respirable Carbon-Rich Uranium-Bearing Particles: Insights into the Role of Particulates in Uranium Toxicity.

Particulate matter (PM) presents an environmental health risk for communities residing close to uranium (U) mine sites. However, the role of the particulate form of U on its cellular toxicity is still poorly understood. Here, we investigated the cellular uptake and toxicity of C-rich U-bearing particles as a model organic particulate containing uranyl citrate over a range of environmentally relevant concentrations of U (0-445 μM).

Acute Wound Healing Potential of Marine Worm, Grube, 1878 Aqueous Extract on Sprague Dawley Rats.

which is colloquially known as Ruat Sarung can be found along the west coast of Peninsular Malaysia. The species has a unique ability to regenerate anterior and posterior segments upon self-amputation or injury, thus having potential as a wound healing promoter. In this study, the wound healing potential of aqueous extract on acute wound model in rats was revealed for the first time.

Effectiveness of Aqueous Extract of Marine Baitworm Idris, Hutchings and Arshad, 2014 (Annelida, Polychaeta), on Acute Wound Healing Using Sprague Dawley Rats.

Wound healing is a well-coordinated process that restores skin integrity upon injury. However, some wound treatment poses harmful effects on the skin, which delay the normal wound healing process. , a marine baitworm or polychaete, represents unique ability to regenerate posterior segment after injury, which may be beneficial in the wound healing treatment.

Urinary Metabolomics and Biochemical Analysis of Antihyperglycemic Effect of Ficus deltoidea Jack Varieties in Streptozotocin-Nicotinamide-Induced Diabetic Rats.

Patients are turning into herbs for the management of diabetes, which cause increasing in the demand of plant-based alternative medicines. Ficus deltoidea or locally known as "Mas Cotek" in Malaysia is a famous herbal plant. However, many varieties of F.

Ficus deltoidea suppresses endothelial activation, inflammation, monocytes adhesion and oxidative stress via NF-κB and eNOS pathways in stimulated human coronary artery endothelial cells.

Background: Ficus deltoidea (FD) has been shown to have antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive and antioxidant properties. However, its effects on key events in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis are unknown.

Aim: To investigate the endothelial activation, inflammation, monocyte-endothelial cell binding and oxidative stress effects of four FD varieties.

Liver Pathology in Rats Treated with Newcastle Disease Virus Strains AF2240 and V4-UPM.

Background: Treatment of cancer with chemo-radiotherapy causes severe side effects due to cytotoxic effects towards normal tissues which often results in morbidity. Therefore, developing anticancer agents which can selectively target the cancer cells and cause less side effects are the main objectives of the new therapeutic strategies for treatment advanced or metastatic cancers. Newcastle disease virus strains AF2240 and V4-UPM were shown to be cytolytic against various cancer cells in-vitro and very effective as antileukemicagents.

Corrigendum to "Combinatorial Cytotoxic Effects of Gelam Honey and 5-Fluorouracil against Human Adenocarcinoma Colon Cancer HT-29 Cells In Vitro".

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1155/2019/3059687.].

Combinatorial Cytotoxic Effects of Gelam Honey and 5-Fluorouracil against Human Adenocarcinoma Colon Cancer HT-29 Cells In Vitro.

Combination of natural products with chemodrugs is becoming a trend in discovering new therapeutics approach for enhancing the cancer treatment process. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the cytotoxic and apoptosis induction of Gelam honey (GH) combined with or without 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) on HT-29 cells. The cell viability was determined by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay to assess cytotoxicity.

Evaluation of Ultra-Microscopic Changes and Proliferation of Apoptotic Glioblastoma Multiforme Cells Induced by Velogenic Strain of Newcastle Disease Virus AF2240.

Aim: Newcastle disease virus (NDV) is a member of genus Avulavirus within the family Paramyxoviridae. Interest of using NDV as an anticancer agent has arisen from its ability to kill tumor cells with limited toxicity to normal cells. Methods: In this investigation, the proliferation of brain tumor cell line, glioblastoma multiform (DBTRG.

Differentiation of Ficus deltoidea varieties and chemical marker determination by UHPLC-TOFMS metabolomics for establishing quality control criteria of this popular Malaysian medicinal herb.

Background: Ficus deltoidea Jack (Moraceae) is a plant used in Malaysia for various diseases including as a supplement in diabetes management. Morphology distinction of the 7 main varieties (var. angustifolia, var.

Effects of Damnacanthal and Nordamnacanthal on Proliferation, Apoptosis, and Migration of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cells.

Cancer is one of the most common causes of death in the developed world, with one-third of people diagnosed with cancer during their lifetime. Oral cancer commonly occurs involving the buccal mucosa (cheeks), tongue, floor of the mouth and lip. It is one of the most devastating and disfiguring of malignancies.

ISSR marker-assisted genetic diversity analysis of Dioscorea hispida and selection of the best variety for sustainable production.

Plant breeding is a way of selection of a particular individual for the production of the progeny by separating or combining desired characteristics. The objective of this study was to justify different characteristics of Dioscorea hispida (Ubi gadong) varieties using molecular techniques to select the best variety for sustainable production at the farmer's level. A total of 160 germplasms of Ubi gadong were collected from different locations at the Terengganu and Kelantan states of Malaysia.

Cell cycle arrest and mechanism of apoptosis induction in H400 oral cancer cells in response to Damnacanthal and Nordamnacanthal isolated from Morinda citrifolia.

Oral cancer is the eleventh most prevalent cancer worldwide. The most prevalent oral cancer is oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Damnacanthal (DAM) and nordamnacanthal (NDAM), the anthraquinone compounds, are isolated from the root of Morinda citrifolia L.

Biological Activities of Isolated Compounds from Three Edible Malaysian Red Seaweeds, Gracilaria changii, G. manilaensis and Gracilaria sp.

Gracilaria species are red marine macroalgae that are found abundantly in Malaysia. Gracilaria changii from Morib, Selangor, G. nanilaensis and Gracilaria sp.

Goniothalamin induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in H400 human oral squamous cell carcinoma: A caspase-dependent mitochondrial-mediated pathway with downregulation of NF-κβ.

Goniothalamin is a natural occurring styryl-lactone compound isolated from Goniothalamus macrophyllus. It had been demonstrated to process promising anticancer activity on various cancer cell lines. However, little study has been carried out on oral cancer.

Rapid growth and osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells isolated from human bone marrow.

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are involved in bone formation in the embryo, bone repair and remodeling. The differentiation of these cells is a complex multistep pathway that involves discrete cellular transitions and is similar to that which occurs during hematopoiesis. MSCs have self-renewal capacity without differentiation in long-term culture.

Neural differentiation of human umbilical cord matrix-derived mesenchymal cells under special culture conditions.

Many neural disorders are characterized by the loss of one or several types of neural cells. Human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal cells (hUCMs) are capable of differentiating into neuron, astroglia-like and oligodendrocyte cell types. However, a reliable means of inducing the selective differentiation of hUCMs into neural cells in vitro has not yet been established.

Draft Genome Sequence of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus KT/Y21, a Sequence Type 772 (ST772) Strain Isolated from a Pediatric Blood Sample in Terengganu, Malaysia.

Here, we report the draft genome sequence of a methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strain, KT/Y21, isolated from a blood sample of a pediatric patient. This strain belongs to sequence type 772 (ST772), harbors the staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec element (SCCmec) type V, and is positive for the Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) pathogenic determinant.

Induction of caspase-9, biochemical assessment and morphological changes caused by apoptosis in cancer cells treated with goniothalamin extracted from Goniothalamus macrophyllus.

Goniothalamin, a natural compound extracted from Goniothalamus sp. belonging to the Annonacae family, possesses anticancer properties towards several tumor cell lines. This study focused on apoptosis induction by goniothalamin (GTN) in the Hela cervical cancer cell line.

Rhaphidophora korthalsii modulates peripheral blood natural killer cell proliferation, cytokine secretion and cytotoxicity.

Background: Rhaphidophora korthalsii (Araceae) is a root-climber plant which has been widely used in Chinese traditional medicine for cancer and skin disease treatment. Previous reports have recorded its immunomodulatory effects on mice splenocyte and human peripheral blood. This study investigated the potential immunostimulatory effect of Rhaphidophora korthalsii on human PBMC enriched NK cell.