Intraoperative variations in intra-axial brain tumor size after craniotomy: a prospective study with histopathological and tumor tissue composition correlation, introducing concepts of tumor expansion and tumor surfacing.

Intraoperative assessment of tumor margins can be challenging; as neoplastic cells may extend beyond the margins seen on preoperative imaging. Real-time intraoperative ultrasonography (IOUS) has emerged as a valuable tool for delineating tumor boundaries during surgery. However, concerns remain regarding its ability to accurately distinguish between tumor margins, peritumoral edema, and normal brain tissue.

Comprehensive Analysis of Craniopharyngioma: Epidemiology, Clinical Characteristics, Management Strategies, and Role of Radiotherapy.

Background/aim: Craniopharyngiomas pose challenges in diagnosis and management due to their rare occurrence and diverse clinical manifestations. This study aimed to provide a comprehensive analysis of cranio-pharyngioma, including its epidemiological trends, clinical presentations, radiological characteristics, surgical interventions, and the role of radiotherapy.

Patients And Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted on 23 patients diagnosed with craniopharyngioma at our hospital from August 2017 to July 2019.

Aberrant Subclavian Artery in Interrupted Aortic Arch with Severe Aortic Outlet Obstruction: Cerebral Blood Flow as a Possible Determinant of Embryonic Cardiovascular Development?

Aberrant subclavian artery (ASCA) is frequently observed in interrupted aortic arch (IAA) with aortic/subaortic obstruction. Developmental significance of ASCA in IAA in utero remains elusive. Newborns with prenatally diagnosed isolated IAA under continuous prostaglandin E1 infusion were studied.

Evaluation of chromosome 1p/19q deletion by Fluorescence in Situ Hybridization (FISH) as prognostic factors in malignant glioma patients on treatment with alkylating chemotherapy.

Background: Either deletion or co-deletion of chromosomal arms 1p or 19q is a characteristic and early genetic event in oligodendroglial tumors that is associated with a better prognosis and enhanced response to therapy. Information of 1p/19q status is now regarded as the standard of care when managing oligodendroglial tumors for therapeutic options in anticipation of the increased survival and progression-free survival times associated with it. Keeping this in view, we first time attempted to establish the FISH based detection of 1p/19q deletion in glioma tissue samples to evaluate its role and involvement in the disease.

Adaptive Growth of the Ductus Arteriosus and Aortic Isthmus in Various Ductus-Dependent Complex Congenital Heart Diseases.

Background: The ductus arteriosus (DA) is critical in maintaining postnatal circulation in neonates with obstructed systemic circulation (OSC) and pulmonary circulation (OPC). We hypothesized that the size of the DA and aortic isthmus (AoI) undergoes adaptive growth in utero to counteract the hemodynamic challenges in these congenital heart diseases (CHD).

Methods: Postnatal echocardiograms of neonates diagnosed prenatally with ductal-dependent CHD who were started on prostaglandins within 24 h of birth were reviewed.

Infra-tentorial brain tumor subtypes in children and adults-surgical outcome in an ethnic population with a single regional tertiary center.

Background: To analyze clinically and radiologically the surgical outcome like residual disease, progression of disease, recurrence, disabilities, event-free survival (EFS), and mortality of different infra-tentorial tumor subtypes in children and adults of a strictly non-migratory and ethnic population.

Methods: The 410 histologically proved, out of 589, infra-tentorial brain tumor patients were analyzed clinically and by the imaging post-surgically in a single tertiary center for an ethnic region. In this analytico-observational study, retrospectively postoperative records of 589 infra-tentorial brain tumors from November 1998 to December 2018 (20 years) were retrieved, scrutinized, and compiled.

Correlation between Intraoperative Serum Lactate and New-Onset Postoperative Neurodeficits in Patients Undergoing Elective Craniotomies.

Background: Elevated lactate levels in neurosurgical patients are seen in brain tumors, traumatic brain-injury, brain infarction, and subarachnoid hemorrhage. Hyperlactatemia during craniotomy may be caused by hypotension due to multiple factors. Recently, intraoperative hyperlactatemia has been associated with fresh-onset neurodeficits.

Favorable role of 1/2 mutations aided with promoter gene methylation in the outcome of patients with malignant glioma.

Aim: The implications of molecular biomarkers 1/2 mutations and gene promoter methylation were evaluated for prognostic outcome of glioma patients.

Materials & Methods: Glioma cases were analyzed for 1/2 mutations and promoter methylation by DNA sequencing and methylation-specific PCR, respectively.

Results: Mutations found in 1/2 genes totaled 63.

Association of strong risk of hTERT gene polymorphic variants to malignant glioma and its prognostic implications with respect to different histological types and survival of glioma cases.

Background: Germline genetic variants of human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) are known to predispose for various malignancies, including glioma. The present study investigated genetic variation of hTERT T/G (rs2736100) and hTERT G/A (rs2736098) with respect to glioma risk.

Methods: Confirmed cases (n = 106) were tested against 210 cancer-free healthy controls by the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism technique for genotyping.

Histopathological Pattern and Outcome of Posterior Fossa Tumors in Children and Adults - A 20-Year Experience.

Context: The postoperative quality and span of life in posterior fossa tumors (PFTs) is complicated by the residual disease, progression, recurrence, disabilities, and mortality.

Aims: The aim of this study is to analyze the link between histopathological type of tumor and outcome in an ethnic Himalayan population of India.

Settings And Design: The histopathological records of 410 out of 589 patients were compared with their clinical outcome up to the 1 postoperative year in a single center which amounts to regional epidemiological value of PFTs.

Early Surgical Closure of Atrial Septal Defect Improves Clinical Status of Symptomatic Young Children with Underlying Pulmonary Abnormalities.

Elective closure of atrial septal defect (ASD) is usually recommended during preschool ages. However, ASD may contribute to deteriorating health in the presence of significant comorbidity and, thus, may need earlier closure. There is a lack of clarity regarding the indications for and outcomes after ASD closure in infancy and early childhood.

Traumatic Vertebral Body Second Lumbar over Third Lumbar Retrolisthesis in a Child: Reporting the First Case along with the Review of Relevant Literature.

Traumatic retrolisthesis of the lumbar vertebrae is a rare entity in children. Only four such cases, two cases each of first lumbar-second lumbar (L1-L2) and L5-S1 retrolisthesis in children, have been reported so far in the English scientific literature. Here, we report a traumatic retrolisthesis of the L2 vertebra in an 8-year-old male child.

Alveolar Soft Part Sarcoma Metastasizing to the Brain: A Rare Entity Revisited with Review of Recent Literature.

A 20-year-old male patient presented with a recent history of two episodes of seizures and Glasgow Coma Scale of E3V3M6. He was drowsy at presentation with bradycardia. On further examination, he was found to be having a 10 × 6cm well-circumscribed mass in the right medial thigh whose fine needle aspiration cytology was suggestive of soft tissue sarcoma.

Pharmacokinetic evaluation, molecular docking and in vitro biological evaluation of 1, 3, 4-oxadiazole derivatives as potent antioxidants and STAT3 inhibitors.

1, 3, 4-Oxadiazole derivatives were previously synthesized to investigate their anticancer properties. However, studies relating to their antioxidant potential and signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) inhibition have not been performed. We investigated previously synthesized 1, 3, 4-oxadiazole derivatives ( for various radical scavenging properties using several in vitro antioxidant assays and also for direct inhibition of STAT3 through molecular docking.

A Rare Case of Spinal Schwannoma in a Child Presenting with Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: A Case Report with Review of Literature.

Pediatric spinal schwannomas/neurofibromas constitute only 2.5%-4% of all pediatric spinal tumors. However, subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) because of spinal pathologies is very rare, representing 1.

Osteoporosis Presenting as Low Backache: An Entity not Uncommon to be Missed.

Introduction: Low backache (LBA) is highly prevalent in osteoporotic patients and affects their quality of life. Overall, osteoporosis incidence is greater in females than in males, and osteoporotic fractures typically occur with only modest or moderate trauma.

Aims And Objectives: To evaluate osteoporosis as a cause of LBA in patients attending a neurosurgical outpatient department and to study various risk factors associated with it.

Evaluation of Role of Electrophysiological Studies in Patients with Lumbar Disc Disease.

Background: The role of the electrophysiologic studies in peripheral nerves and muscles of lower limbs (including paraspinal muscles) in prolapsed lumbar intervertebral discs has been studied with equivocal results. Pre- and post-operative electrodiagnostic studies have not been compared much.

Aims And Objectives: To study the role of the electrophysiologic studies in prolapsed lumbar/lumbosacral intervertebral discs for finding the association between clinical findings and electrophysiological changes and to compare the electrophysiologic studies pre- and post-operatively.

Antioxidant and apoptotic effects of Callistemon lanceolatus leaves and their compounds against human cancer cells.

Callistemon lanceolatus (Myrtaceae) has been utilized in folk medicine and its pharmacological properties are widely studied. Phytochemicals are effectively recognized as bases of pharmacologically potent drugs for the development of anticancer therapeutics. The free radical scavenging potential of numerous extracts of C.

Role of Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DEXA) Scan in the Diagnosis of Chronic Low Back Pain - a Prospective Randomized Controlled Study in Osteoporotic Patients Hospitalized in a Tertiary Care Institute.

Objectives: Osteoporosis is a skeletal disorder characterized by a decrease in bone mass, with accompanying microarchitectural damage that increases the risk of bone fracture. The aim of this study is to evaluate various risk factors for osteoporosis and the role of DEXA scan in diagnosing the problem in an earlier stage.

Materials And Methods: About 100 patients who presented with complaint of low back pain in our outpatient department were studied and subjected to a DEXA scan.

Pediatric Intracranial Hydatid Cyst: A Case Series with Literature Review.

Hydatid disease is an endemic zoonotic disease in many areas of the world. An intracranial hydatid cyst is a relatively rare entity, accounting for only 1-2% of all intracranial space-occupying lesions. Most commonly they are seen in children and young adults.

Concordant association validates MGMT methylation and protein expression as favorable prognostic factors in glioma patients on alkylating chemotherapy (Temozolomide).

O-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) promoter methylation and its subsequent loss of protein expression has been identified to have a variable impact on clinical outcome of glioma patients indicated for chemotherapy with alkylating agents (Temozolomide). This study investigated methylation status of MGMT gene along with in situ protein expression in malignant glioma patients of different histological types to evaluate the associated clinical outcome vis-a-vis use of alkylating drugs and radiotherapy. Sixty three cases of glioma were evaluated for MGMT promoter methylation by methylation-specific PCR (MS-PCR) and protein expression by immunostaining (IHC).

Disappearance of Intracranial Extradural Hematomas: Role of Diastatic Cranial Fracture and Intracranial Pressure - An Institutional Experience.

Context: The intracranial extradural hematoma (EDH) occupies space and creates a mass effect on the brain but the tenacious-adhesions of dura to the inner table of skull counters this effect. The intracranial pressure also pushes the hematoma back while it is held by dural tensile-force.

Aims: The exploitation of a diastatic fracture, overlying an EDH, by the intracranial pressures to decompress a hematoma out of extradural space into subgaleal/subperiosteal space without surgical intervention.

Coccygectomy for Coccygodynia: A Single Center Experience Over 5 Years.

Introduction: Coccygodynia refers to a pathological condition in which pain occurs in the coccyx or its immediate vicinity. The pain is usually provoked by sitting or rising from sitting. Several studies have reported good or excellent results after coccygectomy especially in patients who are refractory to conservative treatment.