Zinc Ortho Methyl Carbonodithioate Improved Pre and Post-Synapse Memory Impairment via SIRT1/p-JNK Pathway against Scopolamine in Adult Mice.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is globally recognized as a prominent cause of dementia for which efficient treatment is still lacking. New candidate compounds that are biologically potent are regularly tested. We, therefore, hypothesized to study the neuroprotective potential of Zinc Ortho Methyl Carbonodithioate (thereafter called ZOMEC) against Scopolamine (SCOP) induced Alzheimer's disease (AD) model using adult albino mice.

Comparative binding analysis of WGX50 and Alpha-M with APP family proteins APLP1 and APLP2 using structural-dynamics and free energy calculation approaches.

A.D. is a common disease among other neurodegenerative disorders primarily developing due to amyloid-β (Aβ) neurotoxicity derived from the amyloid-β protein precursor (AβPP).

Predictive Factors of Outcomes in Acute Subdural Hematoma Evacuation.

Objective: This comparative cross-sectional study was conducted in the Departments of Trauma and Neurosurgery, Ayub Teaching Hospital, Abbottabad, Pakistan from September 2021 to February 2022 to study predictive factors of outcomes in acute subdural hematoma evacuation.

Methodology: A total of 101 patients with confirmed diagnosis of acute subdural hematoma (ASDH) who underwent surgical evacuation by consultant neurosurgeon were included in the study. A detailed clinical proforma was designed to document all the clinical and demographic details of these patients at the time of admission.

Efficacy Of Conservative Management Of Early Post Traumatic Cerebrospinal Fluid Rhinorrhoea.

Background: The incidence of Post-traumatic Cerebrospinal Fluid Rhinorrhoea (PCSFR) has been decreased due to advanced therapeutic measures. The current investigative study has been arranged to assess the efficacy of conservative management of early PCSFR.

Method: This cross-sectional study was conducted at departmental of Neurosurgery, Ayub Medical Institute, Abbottabad.

Surgical Treatment Options For Chronic Subdural Haematoma.

Subdural hematoma is an encapsulated collection of blood under the dura matter. This commonly encountered neurosurgical disorder is best managed by surgical evacuation; however, contemporary neurosurgery lacks a consensus regarding surgical technique of choice. Due to high incidence of the condition and associated complications, vast amount of literature is available on the subject; including studies comparing efficacy of various available treatment modalities.

Extracellular vesicles improve embryo cryotolerance by maintaining the tight junction integrity during blastocoel re-expansion.

Cryopreservation is a process in which the intact living cells, tissues, or embryos are preserved at subzero temperatures for preservation. The cryopreservation process highly impacts the survival and quality of the in vitro-produced (IVP) embryos. Some studies have highlighted the use of oviduct extracellular vesicles (EVs) to improve the cryotolerance of IVP embryos but the mechanism has not been well studied.

Hidden allosteric sites and De-Novo drug design.

Introduction: Hidden allosteric sites are not visible in -crystal structures, but they may be visible in -structures when a certain ligand binds and maintains the ligand intended conformation. Several computational and experimental techniques have been used to investigate these hidden sites but identifying them remains a challenge.

Areas Covered: This review provides a summary of the many theoretical approaches for predicting hidden allosteric sites in disease-related proteins.

Level Of Pre-Tertiary Care Hospital Management Of Traumatic Spinal Cord Injured Patients; Where Do We Stand?

Background: Traumatic spinal cord injury is a debilitating condition that may cause long term disabilities with tremendous socioeconomic impact on affected individuals and their families. Secondary injuries can best prevent or minimized by appropriate pre hospital management and proper referral and transfer. This study was conducted to assess the clinical profile of traumatic spinal cord injuries and level of pre-hospital care provided to patients either at the site of injury or at other healthcare facilities.

Bovine Oviduct Epithelial Cell-Derived Culture Media and Exosomes Improve Mitochondrial Health by Restoring Metabolic Flux during Pre-Implantation Development.

Oviduct flushing is enriched by a wide variety of nutrients that guide the 3-4 days journey of pre-implantation embryo through the oviduct as it develops into a competent blastocyst (BL). However, little is known about the specific requirement and role of these nutrients that orchestrate the early stages of embryonic development. In this study, we aimed to characterize the effect of in vitro-derived bovine oviduct epithelial cell (BOECs) secretion that mimics the in vivo oviduct micro-fluid like environment, which allows successful embryonic development.

Phylogenetic Analysis and Structural Perspectives of RNA-Dependent RNA-Polymerase Inhibition from SARs-CoV-2 with Natural Products.

Most recently, an outbreak of severe pneumonia caused by the infection of SARS-CoV-2, a novel coronavirus first identified in Wuhan, China, imposes serious threats to public health. Upon infecting host cells, coronaviruses assemble a multi-subunit RNA-synthesis complex of viral non-structural proteins (nsp) responsible for the replication and transcription of the viral genome. Therefore, the role and inhibition of nsp12 are indispensable.

Role of Wnt Signaling During In-Vitro Bovine Blastocyst Development and Maturation in Synergism with PPARδ Signaling.

Wnt/β-catenin signaling plays vital role in the regulation of cellular proliferation, migration, stem cells cell renewal and genetic stability. This pathway is crucial during the early developmental process; however, the distinct role of Wnt/β-catenin signaling during pre-implantation period of bovine embryonic development is obscure. Here, we evaluated the critical role of Wnt/β-catenin pathway in the regulation of bovine blastocyst (BL) development and hatching.

An Integrated Systems Biology and Network-Based Approaches to Identify Novel Biomarkers in Breast Cancer Cell Lines Using Gene Expression Data.

Breast cancer is the most common cause of death in women worldwide. Approximately 5%-10% of instances are attributed to mutations acquired from the parents. Therefore, it is highly recommended to design more potential drugs and drug targets to eradicate such complex diseases.

Dysregulation of neuron differentiation in an autistic savant with exceptional memory.

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a heterogeneous group of complex neurodevelopmental disorders without a unique or definite underlying pathogenesis. Although savant syndrome is common in ASD, few models are available for studying the molecular and cellular mechanisms of this syndrome. In this study, we generated urinary induced pluripotent stem cells (UiPSCs) from a 13-year-old male autistic savant with exceptional memory.

Status and Magnitude of Grey Wolf Conflict with Pastoral Communities in the Foothills of the Hindu Kush Region of Pakistan.

Pastoralist-wolf conflict over livestock depredation is the main factor affecting conservation of grey wolf worldwide. Very limited research has been carried out to evaluate the pattern and nature of livestock depredation by wolf. This study aims to determine the status and nature of human-wolf conflict across different villages in the Hind Kush region of Pakistan during the period January 2016-December 2016.

Comparison Of Lumbar Drain Insertion And Conservative Management In The Treatment Of Traumatic CSF Rhinorrhoea.

Background: Conservative management of traumatic CSF rhinorrhoea is associated with a greater risk of developing meningitis in the presence of active CSF leak. Lumbar drains have been reported to be better than conservative management alone in stopping CSF leaks following traumatic brain injury.

Methods: This randomized controlled trial enrolled 60 patients with CSF rhinorrhoea and divided them into two groups.

Immunoinformatics and structural vaccinology driven prediction of multi-epitope vaccine against Mayaro virus and validation through in-silico expression.

The Mayaro virus (MAYV) belongs to genus "Alphavirus" and family "Togaviridae". MAYV has distribution in the Amazonia, Central and Northeastern regions of Brazil. The abundance of mosquito vector Haemagogus janthinomys has major role in the outbreaks of arthralgia disease in Brazil.

Efficacy Of Phenytoin In Prevention Of Early Posttraumatic Seizures.

Background: The use of anti-epileptic drugs for prophylaxis of early post-traumatic seizures after traumatic brain injury has been very promising. The objective of this study was to determine the outcome of phenytoin in prevention of early post-traumatic seizures in moderate to severe traumatic brain injuries and to compare the frequency of seizures in moderate to severe traumatic brain injury, with phenytoin started within 12 hours and after 12 hours of injury.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at Department of Neurosurgery, Ayub Medical Institute, Abbottabad from April to October, 2015.

A novel role of metal response element binding transcription factor 2 at the Hox gene cluster in the regulation of H3K27me3 by polycomb repressive complex 2.

Polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) is known to play an important role in the regulation of early embryonic development, differentiation, and cellular proliferation by introducing methyl groups onto lysine 27 of histone H3 (H3K27me3). PRC2 is tightly associated with silencing of Hox gene clusters and their sequential activation, leading to normal development and differentiation. To investigate epigenetic changes induced by PRC2 during differentiation, deposition of PRC2 components and levels of H3K27me3 were extensively examined using mouse F9 cells as a model system.

Vocalizations of adult male Asian koels (Eudynamys scolopacea) in the breeding season.

Defining the vocal repertoire provides a basis for understanding the role of acoustic signals in sexual and social interactions of an animal. The Asian koel (Eudynamys scolopacea) is a migratory bird which spends its summer breeding season in the plains of Pakistan. The bird is typically wary and secretive but produces loud and distinct calls, making it easily detected when unseen.

Synthesis, pH dependent photometric and electrochemical investigation, redox mechanism and biological applications of novel Schiff base and its metallic derivatives.

A novel Schiff base, 1-((2, 4-dimethylphenylimino)methyl)naphthalen-2-ol abbreviated as (HL) and its four metallic complexes were synthesized and confirmed by H and C NMR, FTIR, TGA and UV-Visible spectroscopy. Schiff base was also characterized by X-ray analysis. The photometric and electrochemical responses of all the synthesized compounds were investigated in a wide pH range.

CLINICAL FEATURES AND OUTCOME ANALYSIS OF INTRACRANIAL HYDATID CYSTS.

Background: Hydatid cyst of the brain is serious zoonotic parasitic infections which have profound health consequences if left untreated. The surgical excisions of the cysts are rewarding for both the patient the neurosurgeon.

Methods: The study was conducted prospectively at Department of Neurosurgery Hayatabad Medical Complex Peshawar from January 2013 to December 2014.

Decompressive Craniectomy For Acute Subdural Haematoma With Expansile Duraplasty Versus Dural-Slits.

Background: Traumatic subdural hematoma is one of the lethal injuries to brain. Various surgical techniques are used to evacuate the acute subdural hematoma. The hematoma evacuation can either be done by opening of dura by multiple slits or by opening of dura in single large c shape and then doing the expansile duraplasty.

OUTCOME OF OPEN CARPAL TUNNEL RELEASE SURGERY.

Background: Carpel tunnel syndrome is a common compression neuropathy of the median nerve causing pain, numbness and functional dysfunction of the hand. Among the available treatments, surgical release of the nerve is the most effective and acceptable treatment option. The aim of this study was to see the outcomes of surgical release of carpel tunnel using open technique.

MICROVASCULAR DECOMPRESSION FOR TRIGEMINAL NEURALGIA.

Background: Trigeminal Neuralgia (TGN) is the most frequently diagnosed type of facial pain. In idiopathic type of TGN it is caused by the neuro-vascular conflict involving trigeminal nerve. Microvascular decompression (MVD) aims at addressing this basic pathology in the idiopathic type of TGN.