IMPROVEMENT OF SURGICAL TREATMENT OF ACUTE BILIARY PANCREATITIS.

Purpose Of The Study: improving the surgical treatment of biliary pancreatitis by using a universal retractor and improved methods of omentobursostomy with drainage of the omental bursa.

Study Design: Non-randomized controlled clinical trial Material and methods: This study included thirty-nine patients who underwent surgical procedures between October 2022 and September 2023 in Semey, located in the Abay region. The study examined the general characteristics of surgical interventions performed for acute biliary pancreatitis using our proposed treatment methods and devices to improve the outcomes of acute biliary pancreatitis.

STATE OF INPATIENT MEDICAL CARE PATIENTS WITH ACUTE PANCREATITIS.

Introduction: Acute pancreatitis (AP) is one of the most common emergency pathologies of the abdominal organs. AP has a negative impact on the performance and quality of life of patients, determining the medical and social significance of the problem.

Purpose Of The Study: To study the state of inpatient medical care for patients with acute pancreatitis.

Identification and mapping of objects targeted for surveillance and their role as risk factors for brucellosis in livestock farms in Kazakhstan.

Objects for Targeted Surveillance (OTS) are infrastructure entities that can be considered as focal points and conduits for transmitting infectious animal diseases, necessitating ongoing epidemiological surveillance. These entities encompass slaughterhouses, meat processing plants, animal markets, burial sites, veterinary laboratories, etc. Currently, in Kazakhstan, a funded research project is underway to establish a Geographic Information System (GIS) database of OTSs and investigate their role in the emergence and dissemination of infectious livestock diseases.

Application of modern spatio-temporal analysis technologies to identify and visualize patterns of rabies emergence among different animal species in Kazakhstan.

During the period 2013-2023, 917 cases of rabies among animals were registered in the Republic of Kazakhstan. Out of these, the number of cases in farm animals amounted to 515, in wild animals to 50 and in pets to 352. Data on rabies cases were obtained from the Committee for Veterinary Control and Supervision of Kazakhstan, as well as during expeditionary trips.

Rabies in the Republic of Kazakhstan: spatial and temporal characteristics of disease spread over one decade (2013-2022).

Rabies is a fatal zoonotic disease that remains endemic in Kazakhstan despite the implementation of annual vaccination campaigns. Using data collected over a 10-year time period, the objective of this study was to provide updated information on the epidemiological situation of the disease in the country, and quantitative data on the species-specific spatial distribution of rabies and on the epidemiological features associated with that clustering. Five significant ( < 0.

The progressive control of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) in the Republic of Kazakhstan: Successes and challenges.

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) has historically caused far-reaching economic losses to many regions worldwide. FMD control has been problematic, and the disease is still prevalent in many West and Central Asia countries. Here, we review the progress made by Kazakhstan in achieving freedom from FMD and discuss some of the challenges associated with maintaining the FMD-free status, as evidenced by the occurrence of an outbreak in 2022.

Insights into the Molecular Epidemiology of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus in Russia, Kazakhstan, and Mongolia in Terms of O/ME-SA/Ind-2001e Sublineage Expansion.

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) has long been recognized as a highly contagious, transboundary disease of livestock incurring substantial losses and burdens to animal production and trade across Africa, the Middle East, and Asia. Due to the recent emergence of the O/ME-SA/Ind-2001 lineage globally contributing to the expansion of FMD, molecular epidemiological investigations help in tracing the evolution of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) across endemic and newly affected regions. In this work, our phylogenetic analysis reveals that the recent FMDV incursions in Russia, Mongolia, and Kazakhstan in 2021-2022 were due to the virus belonging to the O/ME-SA/Ind-2001e sublineage, belonging to the cluster from Cambodian FMDV isolates.

Theileria and Babesia infection in cattle - First molecular survey in Kazakhstan.

Central Asia, including Kazakhstan, is an endemic area of Theileria and Babesia infections in cattle. Current data on the geographic distribution, prevalence, and genetic diversity of these pathogens in vertebrate hosts are lacking in Kazakhstan. The present study aimed to fill this gap, using molecular techniques for the first time.

Modelling bluetongue risk in Kazakhstan.

Background: Bluetongue is a serious disease of ruminants caused by the bluetongue virus (BTV). BTV is transmitted by biting midges (Culicoides spp.).

[Treatment of a patient with giant solitary fibrous tumor of the left hip].

The authors report surgical treatment of a 59-year-old female with a giant solitary-fibrous tumor of the left hip. Previous excision of hip hemangioma was performed in 2016. Recurrent tumor with fast growth has occurred since 2018.

Mapping the risks of the spread of peste des petits ruminants in the Republic of Kazakhstan.

Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) is a viral transboundary disease seen in small ruminants, that causes significant damage to agriculture. This disease has not been previously registered in the Republic of Kazakhstan (RK). This paper presents an assessment of the susceptibility of the RK's territory to the spread of the disease in the event of its importation from infected countries.

Risk for African Swine Fever Introduction Into Kazakhstan.

African swine fever (ASF) is a disease of swine that is endemic to some African countries and that has rapidly spread since 2007 through many regions of Asia and Europe, becoming endemic in some areas of those continents. Since there is neither vaccine nor treatment for ASF, prevention is an important action to avoid the economic losses that this disease can impose on a country. Although the Republic of Kazakhstan has remained free from the disease, some of its neighbors have become ASF-infected, raising concerns about the potential introduction of the disease into the country.

Optical diagnostics of negative ion beam transport.

A diagnostic complex for monitoring the position, propagation direction, and angular distribution dispersion of a particle beam planned for application in the Boron Neutron Capture Therapy facility is described in this paper. For the beam position and direction, the precision is, respectively, 0.1 mm and 1 mrad at 10 mA CW H- beam with energy of about 35 keV and a diameter of the order of 10 mm.

Study of continuous wave 33 keV H beam transport through the low energy beam transport section.

The transport of a continuous wave 33 keV negative ion beam through the low energy beam transport section, designed for beam injection into the tandem accelerator, was studied. The continuous wave H beam, produced by the Penning surface-plasma source with hollow cathodes and cesium addition, was separated and focused by the 90° bending magnet and then transported through the 0.8 m long transport tube, equipped with beam electrical and optical diagnostics.

Comparison of spatiotemporal patterns of historic natural Anthrax outbreaks in Minnesota and Kazakhstan.

Disease spread in populations is a consequence of the interaction between host, pathogen, and environment, i.e. the epidemiological triad.

Spatiotemporal analysis of foot-and-mouth disease outbreaks in the Republic of Kazakhstan, 1955 - 2013.

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) poses a significant obstacle to international trade and economic development, and for that reason, FMD prevention, control and eradication are major goals guiding animal health policy in most countries. The purpose of this study was to conduct a retrospective spatiotemporal analysis of FMD outbreaks among livestock in the Republic of Kazakhstan (RK) from 1955 to 2013. During that time, several FMD control strategies were implemented in RK, which culminated with the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE) recognition of RK as a country that is FMD-free with partial vaccination (2015).

Spatio-temporal analysis and visualisation of the anthrax epidemic situation in livestock in Kazakhstan over the period 1933-2016.

An analysis of the anthrax epidemic situation among livestock animals in the Republic of Kazakhstan over the period 1933-2016 is presented. During this time, 4,064 anthrax outbreaks (mainly in cattle, small ruminants, pigs and horses) were recorded. They fall into five historical periods of increase and decrease in the annual anthrax incidence (1933-1953; 1954-1968; 1969-1983; 1984- 2001; and 2002-2016), which has been associated with changes in economic activity and veterinary surveillance.

Maximum entropy modeling risk of anthrax in the Republic of Kazakhstan.

The objective of this study was to zone the territory of the Republic of Kazakhstan (RK) into risk categories according to the probability of anthrax emergence in farm animals as stipulated by the re-activation of preserved natural foci. We used historical data on anthrax morbidity in farm animals during the period 1933 - 2014, collected by the veterinary service of the RK. The database covers the entire territory of the RK and contains 4058 anthrax outbreaks tied to 1798 unique locations.

Rabies in Kazakhstan.

Background: Rabies is a neglected zoonotic disease. There is a sparsity of data on this disease with regard to the incidence of human and animal disease in many low and middle income countries. Furthermore, rabies results in a large economic impact and a high human burden of disease.

Revealing spatio-temporal patterns of rabies spread among various categories of animals in the Republic of Kazakhstan, 2010-2013.

This study estimated the basic reproductive ratio of rabies at the population level in wild animals (foxes), farm animals (cattle, camels, horses, sheep) and what we classified as domestic animals (cats, dogs) in the Republic of Kazakhstan (RK). It also aimed at forecasting the possible number of new outbreaks in case of emergence of the disease in new territories. We considered cases of rabies in animals in RK from 2010 to 2013, recorded by regional veterinary services.

Zoning the territory of the Republic of Kazakhstan as to the risk of rabies among various categories of animals.

This paper presents the zoning of the territory of the Republic of Kazakhstan with respect to the risk of rabies outbreaks in domestic and wild animals considering environmental and climatic conditions. The national database of rabies outbreaks in Kazakhstan in the period 2003-2014 has been accessed in order to find which zones are consistently most exposed to the risk of rabies in animals. The database contains information on the cases in demes of farm livestock, domestic animals and wild animals.