The use of polyurethane foam-sand mixtures in sandy embankment design- predicting seismic response using FEM, catastrophe theory, B-spline method, and artificial neural networks.

High-permeability sand cannot control the water that is stored behind an embankment. In addition, if clay cannot be provided within a reasonable distance of the embankment construction site, an alternative method must be found. The study proposes using a polyurethane foam-sand mixture to construct an impermeable embankment.