ISAba1 Regulated OXA-23 Carbapenem Resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii Strains in Durban, South Africa.

Aim: This study investigated the molecular mechanisms of resistance to carbapenems and cephalosporins in 24 consecutive, multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (MDRAB) isolates collected between January and April 2015 by a private sector laboratory in Durban, South Africa.

Results: All isolates were resistant to all carbapenems tested. bla and bla genes were found in 23 isolates, while bla, bla, and bla were absent in all isolates.

Antibiotic resistance profiles of Campylobacter species in the South Africa private health care sector.

Introduction: There is a dearth of surveillance data on clinical Campylobacter in South Africa, particularly in the private healthcare environment. We investigated the prevalence of resistance to first-line antibiotics used to treat campylobacterioses in clinical Campylobacter isolates from a private pathology laboratory.

Methodology: Identification of the Campylobacter specific genes were confirmed by PCR.

First detection of human dirofilariasis in South Africa.

Humans are occasionally inadvertently infected with dirofilariae, the zoonotic nematodes. We report two cases of human dirofilariasis in South Africa, an area apparently non-endemic for this infection. Dirofilariasis is frequently misdiagnosed, so increased awareness of this entity in areas that are non-endemic is essential for prevention of inappropriate investigations and invasive therapy.

Cerebrospinal T-cell responses aid in the diagnosis of tuberculous meningitis in a human immunodeficiency virus- and tuberculosis-endemic population.

Rationale: Current tools for the rapid diagnosis of tuberculous meningitis (TBM) are suboptimal. We evaluated the clinical utility of a quantitative RD-1 IFN-gamma T-cell enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT) assay (T-SPOT.TB), using cerebrospinal fluid cells for the rapid immunodiagnosis of TBM.