Administering antibiotic-loaded irrigation fluid as an alternative for prophylactic intravenous antibiotics in transurethral ureterolithotripsy (TUL): a randomized controlled trial.

Prophylactic antibiotics are commonly used to prevent infections and complications during surgeries. In this study inflammatory responses and infectious complications after utilizing antibiotic-loaded irrigation compared with intravenous (IV) prophylactic antibiotics. Eighty-eight participants with ureteral stones enrolled in this prospective randomized controlled trial.

Effects of the Surgical Ligation of the Ureter in Different Locations on the Kidney over Time in the Rat Model.

Purpose: To evaluate the effects of the surgical ligation of the ureter in different locations on the kidney over time in the rat model.

Methods: A total of 155 rats were enrolled and randomly divided into the case ( = 150) and control ( = 5) groups. The case group included three separate groups (fifty rats in each group) that underwent surgical ureteral ligation at the proximal, middle, and distal ureter.

Hypo-Albuminemia and Perioperative Renal Transplant-Related Infections: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Objective: to review the literature regarding the relationship between pre- and post-transplant hypo-Albuminemia with various renal transplant-related infections.

Materials And Methods: In a systematic review, we included the following keywords in the search: (Albumin*) AND (infection*) AND ("renal transplant" OR "renal transplantation" OR "renal transplants") OR ("kidney transplant" OR "kidney transplantation" OR "kidney transplants") OR "kidney grafting") with investigating databases including ProQuest, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science to May 2023. All adult patients who had renal transplantation were included.

A cost-benefit analysis of mass prostate cancer screening.

Background: Prostate cancer (PCa) causes a substantial health and financial burden worldwide, underscoring the need for efficient mass screening approaches. This study attempts to evaluate the Net Cost-Benefit Index (NCBI) of PCa screening in Iran to offer insights for informed decision-making and resource allocation.

Method: The Net Cost-Benefit Index (NCBI) was calculated for four age groups (40 years and above) using a decision-analysis model.

Effect of theophylline on stent-related symptoms in patients undergoing Double-J ureteral stent insertion: a randomized controlled trial.

Purpose: To investigate the effect of oral theophylline on stent-related syndrome (SRS) after Double-J insertion.

Background: Double-J stent is widely using in many urological procedures. Infection, hematuria, and discomfort are some of common complication after stenting.

Factor associated with willingness to pay for prevention of cancer: a study of prostate cancer screening.

Introduction: This study investigates Iranian men's willingness to pay (WTP) for prostate cancer (PCa) screening and influencing factor, along with the impact of information.

Method: We assessed preferences for prostate cancer screening in 771 Iranian men aged 40 and above using an internet-based questionnaire survey. Participants received basic and complementary information, and their willingness to pay was determined through a payment card approach.

Serum and 24-hour urinary tests cost-effectiveness in stone formers.

Objective: To assess the routine serum and 24-hour urine tests proficiency in diagnosing the baseline metabolic abnormality of kidney stone formers.

Methods: This study analyzes the routine serum and 24-hour urine tests proficiency in diagnosing the baseline metabolic abnormality of kidney stone formers. The sensitivity and specificity, false positive, and negative results of the tests are extracted from diagnostic kits used in the laboratories of the target community.

Does the Prone Position During the Shockwave Lithotripsy of Kidney Stones Improve the Stone-Free Rate? Results from a Randomized Clinical Trial.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the impact of the skin-to-stone distance in the supine and prone positions on the outcome of shockwave lithotripsy of kidney stones.

Methods: In a prospective randomized clinical trial study, 81 patients that candidates for shockwave lithotripsy (SWL) of kidney stones were randomly divided into two groups to perform SWL in the prone position (40 patients) or conventional supine position (41 patients). Demographic data, stone characteristics, skin-to-stone distances (SSD) in CT, SSD during SWL with an ultrasound probe in prone and supine positions, total shock wave rate, total energy (kilovolt), visual analog scale (VAS), complications (Clavien-Dindo scale system), and SWL success rate evaluated in two intervention and control groups.

A Retroperitoneal Mass Encasing the Renal Hilum Presenting as a Parapelvic Tumor: A Case Report with Laparoscopic Resection Approach.

Retroperitoneal masses are a rare condition that may be discovered incidentally in routine abdominal imaging. These lesions are commonly asymptomatic but may be associated with intestinal obstruction and rarely presented with acute abdomen. They may originate from the retroperitoneal organs, including the genitourinary or gastrointestinal tract, or originate primarily from retroperitoneal space, such as retroperitoneal fat, muscle, nervous system, and lymphatic system.

Type 2 calyceal diverticulum with an unusual appearance in the lower pole of the kidney.

A 45-year-old woman presented to our clinic with intermittent left flank pain. The family physician referred her for renal cystic mass with a calcified appearance. The non-contrast spiral abdominal computed tomographic (CT) scan demonstrated the mass-like cystic lesion with a densely calcified lesion in the lower pole of the kidney.

Genetic Polymorphisms and Kidney Stones Around the Globe: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

This study explores associations between recurrent kidney stones and genetic polymorphisms. Meta-analysis of polymorphisms in renal stone cases versus control groups. Four electronic databases (PubMed, SCOPUS, EMBASE, and Web of Science) were searched up to 30 May 2021, using the keywords: "kidney stone" or "kidney calculi," or "urolithiasis" or "nephrolithiasis" or "urinary calculi" and "genome" or "genetic" or "mutation" or "single nucleotide polymorphism.

Oncologic outcomes of Bacillus Calmette-Guérin therapy in elderly patients with non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer: A meta-analysis.

Introduction: There is a challenge on the medical efficacy of intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) therapy and the power of the immune system boosting, which can be influenced by the age of the non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) patients. This meta-analysis evaluates the efficacy of BCG therapy among aged (>70) and younger patients with non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC).

Methods: The central database of PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were queried until August 4, 2021, by using "BCG," "Bladder Cancer," "AGE," and "efficacy" keywords.

Hospital-acquired infections in a tertiary hospital in Iran before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Infection prevention protocols are the accepted standard to control nosocomial infections. These protective measures intensified after the coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic to reduce the risk of viral transmission. It is the rationale that this practice reduces nosocomial infections.

Partial nephrectomy of a huge solid-cystic renal mass with final pathology of renal cell carcinoma.

Partial nephrectomy has been established as a standard treatment of renal mass <4 cm(cT1a), but mostly it is performed in larger tumors of size up to 7 cm (cT2b). The maximum size of a tumor that could undergo partial nephrectomy is controversial. In this case report, we present a case of a large renal mass (17 cm) that underwent open partial nephrectomy successfully.

Does potassium citrate administration change the type and composition of encrusted material on Double-J stent compared to primary stone?

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of potassium citrate administration on the composition of encrusted material on the ureteral stent after Double-J insertion.

Methods: We designed a randomized clinical trial for our study; 65 patients that underwent transurethral lithotripsy and Double-J stent insertion were included in the study after informed consent and divided into two groups. In the first group (33 patients) potassium citrate was prescribed after surgery till stent removal and the second group (32 patients) followed without prescribing this medication.

How a renal artery aneurysm may mimic renal stone?

Renal artery aneurysm is a rare condition. Most patients are asymptomatic. This case presented to the emergency with colicky pain and underwent left transurethral lithotripsy for left ureteral stone, due to simultaneous renal stone candidates for percutaneous nephrolithotomy.

Comparison of Different Hypotheses Regarding the Spread of Alzheimer's Disease Using Markov Random Fields and Multimodal Imaging.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by a cascade of pathological processes that can be assessed in vivo using different neuroimaging methods. Recent research suggests a systematic sequence of pathogenic events on a global biomarker level, but little is known about the associations and dependencies of distinct lesion patterns on a regional level. Markov random fields are a probabilistic graphical modeling approach that represent the interaction between individual random variables by an undirected graph.

An experimental study of electrochemical polishing for micro-electro-discharge-machined stainless-steel stents.

This paper reports electrochemical polishing (EP) of 316L stainless-steel structures patterned using micro-electro-discharge machining (μEDM) for application to stents including intelligent stents based on micro-electro-mechanical-systems technologies. For the process optimization, 10 μm deep cavities μEDMed on the planar material were polished in a phosphoric acid-based electrolyte with varying current densities and polishing times. The EP condition with a current density of 1.

Radio aneurysm coils for noninvasive detection of cerebral embolization failures: a preliminary study.

The rupture of a cerebral aneurysm is the most common cause of subarachnoid hemorrhage. Endovascular embolization of the aneurysms by implantation of Guglielmi detachable coils (GDC) has become a major treatment approach in the prevention of a rupture. Implantation of the coils induces formation of tissues over the coils, embolizing the aneurysm.

Is antibiotic prophylaxis necessary in patients undergoing ureterolithotripsy?

Transurethral Ureterolithotripsy (TUL) is a frequently used procedure in urology departments. Many urologists perform TUL without antibiotic prophylaxis; however the use of chemoprophylaxis before TUL remains a controversial issue in urology. This study was carried out to assess the safety of omitting antibiotic prophylaxis prior to TUL.

The lack of correlation between mast cells and microvessel density with pathologic feature of renal cell carcinoma.

Objective: The growth of solid tumors requires angiogenesis. Evidence indicates that mast cells (MCs) play an important role in tumor angiogenesis but results are not definitive. The aim of this study is to investigate the possible effects of angiogenesis and the presence of MCs on the prognosis of renal cell carcinoma (RCC).

Totally tubeless percutaneous nephrolithotomy in renal anomalies.

Objectives: To assess the outcome and safety of the totally tubeless percutaneous nephrolithotomy in renal anomalies.

Patients And Methods: During a prospective clinical trial from December 2002 to November 2006, 60 patients with renal anomalies and nephrolithiasis were included in our study. The anomalies consisted of the horseshoe kidney, rotational anomalies of pyelocalyceal system, and ectopic kidney.

Effects of prophylactic insertion of Double-J stents to decrease episodes of renal colic in patients with recurrent ureteral stones.

Purpose: To evaluate the hypothesis that prophylactic insertion of Double-J stents after uncomplicated transurethral lithotripsy (TUL) can decrease the number of episodes of renal colic and their intensity in patients with recurrent ureteral stones (those with three or more episodes of stone formation).

Patients And Methods: During a prospective randomized clinical trial from May 1999 to January 2004, 195 patients with recurrent ureteral stones were included in our study; 94 had stents in place for 4 weeks, and 101 patients remained stentless (control group). A few patients in each group had residual stone disease.

Impact of fasting on shockwave lithotripsy in renal stones: a randomized controlled trial.

Purpose: We evaluated the impact of fasting on the effectiveness of shockwave lithotripsy (SWL) in patients with renal calculi.

Patients And Methods: The study was a randomized controlled trial for patients with renal stones. Between May 2005 and November 2006, patients (n = 97) with a single radio-opaque renal stone (7-21 mm) who were candidates for SWL were enrolled.