Rapidly progressing pediatric Lupus with Diffuse Alveolar Hemorrhage and CNS involvement.

Key Clinical Message: Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) can have an insidious onset and a fatal prognosis in children. Patients presenting without typical signs of SLE should undergo further evaluation if they are not responding to the initial diagnosis and treatment. This is especially true for patients with rapidly progressing symptoms and deterioration in spite of treatment.

Cardiac Outcome of Children With SARS-CoV-2 Related Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome.

Objective: To study the cardiac outcomes of patients with multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) after 6-month of diagnosis.

Methods: This review of hospital records was conducted on MIS-C patients (aged <21 year) who completed a six-month follow up. The baseline demographic, clinical, laboratory, and treatment characteristics during the acute phase, and echocardiographic findings during follow-up were collected.

Coronavirus disease 2019-related Kawasaki syndrome: a case report.

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 has changed the pattern of some diseases in the world, especially in pediatrics. Despite data suggesting that the pediatric population is less affected by coronavirus disease-19 infection, new concerns have been raised owing to reported cases with hyperinflammatory conditions such as Kawasaki disease.

Case Presentation: We report herein the case of a pediatric patient diagnosed and treated for classic Kawasaki disease in the setting of confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 infection.

Bilateral expansion of mandible and maxillae in a 5-year-old girl.

A 5-year-old girl with symmetrical expansion of mandible and both maxillae, lack of eruption of several teeth an hypertrophied palate was presented to our clinic. upon detailed laboratory, imaging and histopathological evaluation, the diagnosis of "Cherubism" a rare autoinflammatory bone disease was confirmed.

The Negative Predictive Value of Harada Scoring for Coronary Artery Dilatation or Aneurysm in Children with Kawasaki Disease: A Cross-sectional Study.

Background: The most common cause of coronary artery aneurysms in children is Kawasaki disease (KD). One of the risk ratings used to predict coronary artery aneurysms is the Harada score. This study aims to assess the negative predictive value (NPV) of Harada scoring in children with KD.

Cardiac Tamponade: A Rare Manifestation of Familial Mediterranean Fever.

Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) typically presents with recurrent attacks of fever and serosal inflammation with peritoneum, pleura, and synovium. We usually do not expect pericardial involvement at the early stages. FMF is an autoinflammatory disease, usually inherited with an autosomal recessive pattern.

COVID-19 Associated Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

The prevalence of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) has increased since the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic started. This study was aimed to describe clinical manifestation and outcomes of MIS-C associated with COVID-19. This systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted on all available literature until July 3rd, 2020.

Comparison of Clinical Symptoms and Cardiac Lesions in Children with Typical and Atypical Kawasaki Disease.

The present study was performed to evaluate the clinical symptoms and cardiovascular complications in patients with typical and atypical Kawasaki disease (KD). This retrospective study was conducted on the medical records of 176 patients with KD for three years. The study population was divided into two groups of typical and atypical based on the KD clinical criteria.

Protective role of HLA-DRB1*11 against juvenile idiopathic arthritis living in North Eastern Iran.

Objectives: Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is one of the most common chronic rheumatic diseases in children. The complex nature of this immune-mediated disease owes itself to several predisposing genes and environmental factors affecting its pathogenesis. Conducted in Iran, this study was originally intended to investigate every possible association between HLA DRB1 alleles and a susceptibility to JIA.

Hip Surgery in Quiescent or Active Tubercular Hip Arthritis; Is Reactivation Risk Really a Matter.

About 15 % of all musculoskeletal tuberculosis (TB) have hip involvement. Early anti-tubercular drug therapy and other conservative treatment including short-term traction and mobilization programs could prevent hip joint destruction. Reactivation of TB accounts for a significant of active TB incidence, especially in the developed countries with a low TB prevalence.

Chronic Recurrent Multifocal Osteomyelitis in a 9-year-old Boy.

Chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis (CRMO) is a rare aseptic, auto-inflammatory bone disorder. CRMO presents with bone pain with or without fever. The diagnosis of CRMO is a diagnosis of exclusion and should be included in the differential diagnosis of chronic inflammatory bone lesions in children.

Infantile Systemic Hyalinosis: Report of 17-year Experience.

Background: Infantile Systemic Hyalinosis (ISH) is a very rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by connective tissue involvement as hyaline deposition in skin, gastrointestinal tract, muscles, glands and other organs.

Cases Presentation: We report eight Iranian children (4 male and 4 female) with ISH referred to our hospital from 1996 to 2013. The illness had been diagnosed by clinical manifestations and disease progression.

Clinical course and outcomes of Iranian children with juvenile dermatomyositis and polymyositis.

This study evaluated the clinical features, course, and outcomes of Iranian children with juvenile dermatomyositis (JDM), juvenile polymyositis (JPM), and other uncommon connective tissue disorders. A chart review of 85 Iranian children with JDM and JPM was performed during a 10-year period from 2003 to 2013. The patients' clinical signs and symptoms, laboratory data, and other factors affecting clinical outcomes were recorded using questionnaires.

Cervical gland area: a new sonographic marker in predicting preterm delivery.

Purpose: Preterm delivery is one of the important causes of morbidity and mortality in newborns. Nowadays, a new sonographic marker is suggested for prediction of preterm delivery which is termed "Cervical Gland Area" (CGA). Absence of normal mucosal glands of the cervix can be utilized as a predictor in preterm delivery.

Cervicofacial emphysema and pneumomediastinum following dental extraction: case report.

Background: Pneumomediastinum is commonly caused by iatrogenic injury such as surgery on the cervical planes and chest or by tracheostomy. It is also well known that emphysema may occur after dental treatments using an air turbine drill, but there have been few cases of emphysema which extended to the mediastinum.

Case Presentation: A 16-year-old boy is presented with subcutaneous emphysema and pneumomediastinum which developed 24 hours after surgery for extraction of an inferior second molar.

Pneumothorax after mechanical ventilation in newborns.

Objective: Air leak syndromes including pneumothorax, pneumomediastinum and pulmonary interstitial emphysema are frequent in neonatal period. Mechanical ventilation with positive pressure is one of the most common causes of these syndromes. The aim of this study was to evaluate predisposing factors and incidence of pneumothorax in newborns under mechanical ventilation.