The Relationship between the Clinical Course of SARS-CoV-2 Infections and Expression of Bruton's Tyrosine Kinase.

Introduction: Bruton's Tyrosine Kinase (BTK), an important element for the production of several inflammatory cytokines, may play a role in the pathogenesis of COVID-19. This study aimed to assess BTK gene expression levels in COVID-19 cases based on disease severity and outcome.

Methods: In this study, 33 hospitalized patients with COVID-19 were recruited and divided into two groups based on the severity of the disease: "mild to moderate" and "severe to critical".

A laboratory-based cross-sectional study about helicobacter pylori infection and diabetes.

Background: Despite the numerous articles discussing the relationship between diabetes mellitus type 2 (DMT2) and chronic Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection the results have been inconsistent, necessitating further research. This study investigated the coexistence of Helicobacter pylori infection and DMT2.

Mucormycosis, New Causative Agents, and New Susceptible Populations: Review of Cases in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Iran (2007-2021).

Background: Mucormycosis is an aggressive opportunistic fungal infection that afflicts patients with severe underlying immunosuppression, uncontrolled hyperglycemia and/or ketoacidosis, iron overload, and occasionally healthy patients who are inoculated with fungal spores through traumatic injuries. The epidemiology of mucormycosis has changed after the COVID-19 pandemic, with mucormycosis becoming the most common and the fatal coinfection.

Methods: In a retrospective, cross-sectional study, 82 hospitalized patients with a definite diagnosis of mucormycosis were reported from 2007 to 2021 in a referral, tertiary care center in Tehran, Iran.

Undiagnosed tuberculosis associated with hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis due to improper use of corticosteroid.

Introduction: Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a rare and life-threatening hematologic disease segregated into familial (primary) and acquired (secondary) subtypes. Hyperinflammation and HLH occur when the immune system fails to clear activated macrophages and histiocytes. Infections, malignancies, and rheumatologic disorders are the major triggers leading to HLH.

Dexamethasone Induced Sino-Orbital Mucormycosis In a Patient Infected With COVID-19.

Background: The most common causes of immunodeficiency are iatrogenic and the result of the widespread use of therapies which modulates the immune system, whether they are planned or haphazardly. Mucormycosis is an invasive fungal disease which is usually secondary to immunosuppression, diabetic ketoacidosis, and long-term use of antibiotics, corticosteroids, and cytotoxic drugs. There are researches which show patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), especially severely ill or immunocompromised, are more likely to suffer from invasive fungal infections.

The Possible Role of Bruton Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors in the Treatment of COVID-19: A Review.

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), an acute, sometimes severe respiratory illness caused by a novel coronavirus has led to a vast pandemic with an astonishing spread rate. Its treatment is unknown, its mortality is significant, and its socioeconomic complications are uncontrollable. Although there is still little known about the pathogenesis of the disease, severe cases of COVID-19 are usually associated with cytokine release syndrome and high serum levels of inflammatory cytokines, which are believed to be a major cause of mortality in these patients.

Diagnosis of COVID-19 by Serology in Admitted Patients with Negative RT-PCR Assay.

Considering the increasing prevalence and burden of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) disease and false-negative results in routine reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) tests, additional diagnostic methods are needed to diagnose active cases of this disease. This prospective study was conducted on patients, in whom clinical and radiological symptoms/signs were in favor of COVID-19 while their first PCR test was negative. Later on, a second RT-PCR was performed and serological evaluation was carried out and results were compared with each other.

Trisomy 21 as a Risk Factor for Severe Illness in COVID-19: Report of two Cases.

COVID-19 leads to mild symptoms within the majority of infected patients, but can cause severe multiple organ failure and death. There is only limited information regarding the consequences of this new emerging infection with congenital disorders. According to the previous studies, many people with Down syndrome are considered high risk for complications related to respiratory diseases.

Effect of bromhexine in hospitalized patients with COVID-19.

Background: Bromhexine is a potent inhibitor of transmembrane serine protease 2 and appears to have an antiviral effect in controlling influenza and parainfluenza infection; however, its efficacy in COVID-19 is controversial.

Methods: A group of hospitalized patients with confirmed COVID-19 pneumonia were randomized using 1:1 allocation to either standard treatment lopinavir/ritonavir and interferon beta-1a or bromhexine 8 mg four times a day in addition to standard therapy. The primary outcome was clinical improvement within 28 days, and the secondary outcome measures were time to hospital discharge, all-cause mortality, duration of mechanical ventilation, the temporal trend in 2019-nCoV reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction positivity and the frequency of adverse drug events within 28 days from the start of medication.

Mindfulness-based Stress Reduction (MBSR) and Its Effects on Psychoimmunological Factors of Chemically Pulmonary Injured Veterans.

Mindfulness-based Stress Reduction (MBSR) is a treatment program for relieving stress and coping with chronic illnesses. In recent three decades, studies have shown that MBSR has a positive effect on physical and psychological dimensions of chronic illnesses. Chemically pulmonary injured veterans have chronic pulmonary and psychological problems due to mustard gas exposure and complications of Iran-Iraq war.

Project Management of Randomized Clinical Trials: A Narrative Review.

Context: A well-structured protocol for a clinical trial may be able to answer clinical questions, but it cannot be deemed enough to ensure success in the face of incompetent management of time as well as human and economic resources. To address this problem, in this article, we present our literature review on evidence as to how a good knowledge of proper management among researchers can enhance the likelihood of the success of clinical trial projects.

Evidence Acquisition: Using multiple search strategies, we conducted a literature review on published studies in the English language from 2002 to 2012 by searching the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, MEDLINE, Google Scholar, and EMBASE.

Minimal inhibitory concentration of microorganisms causing surgical site infection in referral hospitals in North of Iran, 2011-2012.

Background: A surgical site infection (SSI) is the most common nosocomial infection after surgery and is the third most common infection in hospitalized patients. The aim of this study was to asses minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the causing agents of SSI and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was done in three referral hospitals in North of Iran during 2011-2012.

Clinical manifestations of herpes zoster, its comorbidities, and its complications in north of iran from 2007 to 2013.

Background. Herpes zoster infection is a painful worldwide disease. Inappropriate and delayed treatment causes prolongation of the disease with debilitating symptoms and postherpetic neuralgia.

The diagnosis of hyper immunoglobulin e syndrome based on project management.

Hyperimmunoglobulin E Syndrome (HIES) is a complex primary immunodeficiency characterized by both immunologic and non-immunologic manifestations. High serum IgE level, eosinophilia, eczema, recurrent skin and lung infections constitute the immunologic profile of HIES, whereas characteristic facial appearance, scoliosis, retained primary teeth, joint hyperextensibility, bone fractures following minimal trauma and craniosynostosis are the main non-immunologic manifestations. The diagnosis of HIES cannot be made by routine immunologic tests.

Clinical epidemiology and paraclinical findings in tuberculosis patients in north of Iran.

Background: Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.TB) causes a wide spectrum of clinical diseases. The prevalence of TB is different in various parts of Iran and throughout the world.

Emotional Freedom Technique (EFT) Effects on Psychoimmunological Factors of Chemically Pulmonary Injured Veterans.

Emotional Freedom Technique (EFT) as a new therapeutic technique in energy psychology has positive effects on psychological and physiological symptoms, and quality of life. In this research we studied the effect of this treatment on immunological factors. This study tested whether 8-week group sessions of EFT (compared to a wait-list control group) with emphasis on patient's respiratory, psychological and immunological problems in chemically pulmonary injured veterans (N=28) can affect on immunological and psychological factors.

Management of hospital infection control in iran: a need for implementation of multidisciplinary approach.

Nosocomial, or hospital-acquired, infections are considered the most common complications affecting hospitalized patients. According to results obtained from studies conducted in the Children Medical Center Hospital, a teaching children's hospital and a tertiary care referral unit in Tehran, Iran, improvements in infection control practices in our hospital seem necessary. The aim of this study was to identify risk management and review potential hospital hazards that may pose a threat to the health as well as safety and welfare of patients in an Iranian referral hospital.

Project monitoring and evaluation: an enhancing method for health research system management.

Background: Planning, organizing, staffing, leading and monitoring are the basic functional component of management. In present article, we aim to define the project monitoring and evaluation in health research system (HRS) considering its success and challenges based on our national experience.

Methods: IN THIS STUDY BASED ON THE INFORMATION OF ANNUAL MEDICAL SCIENCE UNIVERSITIES EVALUATION DURING THE LAST DECADE THE HRS INDICATORS HAVE BEEN SCORED IN THREE AXES BASED ON HRS FUNCTIONS: Stewardship, capacity building and knowledge production.

Review of Mycobacterium marinum Infection Reported From Iran and Report of Three New Cases With Sporotrichoid Presentation.

Introduction: Mycobacterium marinum infection is the most common nontuberculous mycobacterial skin lesions. It results from skin injury and contact with contaminated water, fish, or shellfish; its infections have low frequency, nonspecific symptoms and lack of specific identification methods that can alter correct diagnosis.This study designed about cases that reported from Iran and comparing their presentation and clinical sign and symptom and outcome.

Role of multidetector computed tomography for evaluation of living kidney donors.

Background: Kidney transplantation from living donors has been increased recently. Preoperative evaluation of living donor is important to select the appropriate kidney for transplantation and to decrease donor surgical complications.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare the accuracy of the use of multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) to evaluate vascular anatomy in living kidney donors with traditional angiography.