Early Detection of Avian Diseases Based on Thermography and Artificial Intelligence.

Non-invasive measures have a critical role in precision livestock and poultry farming as they can reduce animal stress and provide continuous monitoring. Animal activity can reflect physical and mental states as well as health conditions. If any problems are detected, an early warning will be provided for necessary actions.

The arrival of highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses H5N8 in Iran through two windows, 2016.

The highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 virus has received considerable attention during the past 2 decades due to its zoonotic and mutative features. This Virus is of special importance due to to the possibility of causing infection in human populations. According to it's geographical location, Iran hosts a large number of aquatic migratory birds every year, and since these birds can be considered as the host of the H5 HPAI, the country is significantly at risk of this virus.

Phylogeography and evolutionary history of reassortant H9N2 viruses with potential human health implications.

Avian influenza viruses of the H9N2 subtype have seriously affected the poultry industry of the Far and Middle East since the mid-1990s and are considered one of the most likely candidates to cause a new influenza pandemic in humans. To understand the genesis and epidemiology of these viruses, we investigated the spatial and evolutionary dynamics of complete genome sequences of H9N2 viruses circulating in nine Middle Eastern and Central Asian countries from 1998 to 2010. We identified four distinct and cocirculating groups (A, B, C, and D), each of which has undergone widespread inter- and intrasubtype reassortments, leading to the generation of viruses with unknown biological properties.

Sequence and phylogenetic analysis of the haemagglutinin genes of H9N2 avian influenza viruses isolated from commercial chickens in Iran.

To determine the genetic relationship of Iranian viruses, the haemagglutinin (HA) genes from ten isolates of H9N2 viruses isolated from commercial chickens in Iran during 1998-2002 were amplified and sequenced. Sequence analysis and phylogenetic studies were conducted by comparing each isolate with those of the available H9N2 strains at GenBank. All these ten isolates had the same sequence -R-S-S-R/G-L- of proteolytic cleavage site of the HA.