Associations Between Exercise Training, Physical Activity, Sedentary Behaviour and Mortality: An Umbrella Review of Meta-Analyses.

Background: Numerous studies support the association of exercise training, physical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviour (SB) with both mortality and morbidity outcomes. The results across studies have been inconsistent, and no umbrella reviews have yet been conducted on this topic.

Methods: We conducted an umbrella review of meta-analyses of observational studies by screening articles in PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE and Web of Science databases from inception to 30 April 2024.

Musculoskeletal morbidity in adults with spinal cord injuries: A nationwide cohort study.

Background: An increase in the demand for quality of life following spinal cord injuries (SCIs) is associated with an increase in musculoskeletal (MSK) pain, highlighting the need for preventive measure research.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the incidence and hazards of MSK morbidities among Korean adults with SCIs, as well as the influence of SCI location on MSK morbidities.

Methods: Patient populations were selected from Korean National Health Insurance Service data (n = 276).

Evaluation of the lower extremity functional test to predict lower limb injuries in professional male footballers.

The Lower Extremity Functional Test (LEFT) is a reliable and valid test for the measurement of athletic fitness, fatigue resistance, and speed performance. Contradictory results exist regarding the screening value of the LEFT in predicting lower limb injuries. The purpose of this study was to investigate the screening value of the LEFT in predicting lower limb injuries in professional male footballers.

Improved physical performance of elite soccer players based on GPS results after 4 days of carbohydrate loading followed by 3 days of low carbohydrate diet.

Background: Carbohydrate loading is an established sports nutrition strategy for endur- 16 ance exercise performance. We tested if carbohydrate loading could improve the performance of 17 elite soccer players under ecologically valid circumstances using Global Positioning System (GPS) data.

Methods: Twenty-two adult Iran Premier league soccer players were divided into a carbohydrate-loading group (CLG) and Control group (CG).

The Potential of Exerkines in Women's COVID-19: A New Idea for a Better and More Accurate Understanding of the Mechanisms behind Physical Exercise.

The benefits of physical exercise are well-known, but there are still many questions regarding COVID-19. Chow et al.'s 2022 study, titled Exerkines and Disease, showed that a special focus on exerkines can help to better understand the underlying mechanisms of physical exercise and disease.

Composite functional movement screen score predicts injuries in youth volleyball players: a prospective cohort study.

We aimed to investigate whether composite Functional Movement Screen (FMS) test scores can predict musculoskeletal injuries (MSI) in youth volleyball players. 131 national young volleyball players (Males: n = 100, age = 16.5 years, height = 1.

Exercise improves neurotrophins in multiple sclerosis independent of disability status.

Background: To date, studies examining the effect of exercise on neurotrophic factors in MS are contradictory, and this may be explained, in part, by moderators such as disability status. To investigating the effect of a 12-week (3sessions/week) supervised multimodal exercise program on neurotrophic factors levels.

Methods: Ninety four women with MS were randomly assigned into exercise or control conditions with randomization stratified by Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) scores of low (EDSS< 4.

High intensity interval training decreases the expressions of KIF5B and Dynein in Hippocampus of Wistar male rats.

Although exercise training (ET) with low to moderate intensity improves several physiological aspects of brain, the effects of high intensity interval training (HIIT) are less clear on brain plasticity and cytoplasmic transport. The present study examined the effects of HIIT on the gene and protein expressions of kinesin family member 5B (KIF5B) and Dynein in the Wistar male rat hippocampal tissue. Fourteen male Wistar rats were separated into 2 groups: (1) the training group (TG: n = 7) and (2) the control group (CG: n = 7).

Various exercise intensities differentially regulate GAP-43 and CAP-1 expression in the rat hippocampus.

Exercise intensity is known to affect neuroplasticity. Although corticosterone and lactate levels have been linked to neuroplasticity, the effect of different endurance exercise intensity-dependent production of these biochemicals on the behaviour of hippocampal growth cone markers remains incompletely explored. Here, we investigated the effects of three different endurance treadmill training episodes for six weeks on GAP-43 and CAP-1 expression in the hippocampus of adult male Wistar rats.

Effects of sprint interval or combined aerobic and resistance training on myokines in overweight women with type 2 diabetes: A randomized controlled trial.

Our primary aim was to assess the effects of two different training modalities: sprint interval training (SIT) or combined aerobic and resistance training (A + R) on circulating myokines related to metabolic profile and adiposity in type 2 diabetes (T2D). Fifty-two overweight women with T2D [55 ± 6 yrs., BMI 28.

Does Endurance Training Compensate for Neurotrophin Deficiency Following Diabetic Neuropathy?

Background: A lack of neurotrophic support is believed to contribute to the development of diabetic neuropathy. On the other hand, neurotrophins have consistently been shown to increase in the central and peripheral nervous system following exercise, but the effects of exercise intervention on brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and nerve growth factor (NGF) in diabetic neuropathy are not understood.

Objectives: This experimental study was designed and carried out at the Tarbiat Modares university (TMU) in Tehran, Iran, to investigate the hypothesis that increased activity as endurance training can help to increase the endogenous expression of neurotrophins in diabetic rats.

Activation of neurotrophins in lumbar dorsal root probably contributes to neuropathic pain after spinal nerve ligation.

Objectives: Neurotrophins (NTs) exert various effects on neuronal system. Growing evidence indicates that NTs are involved in the pathophysiology of neuropathic pain. However, the exact role of these proteins in modulating nociceptive signaling requires being defined.

The effect of exercise training on the level of tissue IL-6 and vascular endothelial growth factor in breast cancer bearing mice.

Objectives: The goal of this study was assessing the prophylactic effect of exercise and its role as an adjuvant therapy on level of cytokines involved in angiogenesis in estrogen-dependent breast cancer.

Materials And Methods: Forty female BALB/c mice were randomly assigned to exercise-tumor-exercise (ETE), exercise-tumor-rest (ETR), rest-tumor-exercise (RTE) and rest-tumor-rest (RTR) groups. After orientation in the environment, two groups of mice performed continuous endurance exercise for 8 weeks, and thereafter estrogen-dependent MC4L2 cancer cells were injected to them.