Single mothers have a higher risk of mood disorders.

Introduction: Previous research has shown single mothers to be at greater risk for both physical and mental health disorders as compared to married mothers. Psychiatric disorders, in particular depression, have been shown to be more prevalent in single mothers than married mothers. This study was aimed at comparing the prevalence of depression, other mood, and anxiety disorders in single and married mothers in a multiethnic Asian society.

Multiple chronic medical conditions: prevalence and risk factors--results from the Singapore Mental Health Study.

Objective: The objective was to establish the prevalence and risk factors for multiple chronic medical conditions (MCMC) in the Singapore population.

Methods: Data for the study were extracted from the Singapore Mental Health Study, a population-based, cross-sectional, epidemiological study of Singapore residents aged 18 years and above. Face-to-face interviews were completed with 6616 respondents from December 2009 to December 2010, and the survey response rate was 75.

Lifetime and twelve-month prevalence of heavy-drinking in Singapore: results from a representative cross-sectional study.

Background: The study aimed to establish the prevalence of heavy drinking, evaluate correlations between heavy drinking and socio-demographic factors, physical and psychiatric conditions, and assess the impact of heavy drinking on quality of life and days of work-loss.

Methods: Data from a nationally-representative cross-sectional sample were used. The sample comprised 6616 community-dwelling Singaporeans & Singapore Permanent Residents.

Development, validity and reliability of the short multidimensional positive mental health instrument.

Purpose: The 47-item positive mental health (PMH) instrument measures the level of PMH in multiethnic adult Asian populations. This study aimed to (1) develop a short PMH instrument and (2) establish its validity and reliability among the adult Singapore population.

Methods: Two separate studies were conducted among adult community-dwelling Singapore residents of Chinese, Malay or Indian ethnicity where participants completed self-administered questionnaires.

Socio-demographic Correlates of Positive Mental Health and Differences by Depression and Anxiety in an Asian Community Sample.

Introduction: Positive Mental Health (PMH) instrument is a self-administered multidimensional measure that is validated in the adult multi-ethnic Asian population in Singapore and comprises General Coping (GC), Emotional Support (ES), Spirituality, Interpersonal Skills (IS), Personal Growth and Autonomy (PGA) and Global Affect (GA) domains. This paper aimed to (i) examine socio-demographic differences and identify correlates for the total PMH and domain-specific scores in the sample, and (ii) compare the PMH total score for respondents with and without depression or anxiety.

Materials And Methods: Singapore residents aged 21 to 65 years, of Chinese, Malay or Indian ethnicity and residing in households across Singapore (n = 404) completed the 47-item PMH instrument in an anonymous survey.

EQ-5D as a measure of programme outcome: results from the Singapore early psychosis intervention programme.

The current study aimed to establish the Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) among participants with First Episode Psychosis (FEP) in Singapore, to elucidate the sociodemographic and clinical correlates of HRQoL, and ascertain the change after 1-year of treatment. Two hundred and forty one patients accepted into an Early Psychosis Intervention Programme (EPIP) from April 2009 to June 2011 and who had completed baseline EuroQol-5D (EQ-5D) assessments were included in this analysis. The mean (S.

Peptic ulcer disease and mental illnesses.

Objective: We evaluated the association between self-reported doctor-diagnosed peptic ulcer disease (PUD) and mental disorders in a representative cross-sectional study conducted in 2010 in Singapore.

Method: The sample comprised 6616 community-dwelling individuals. Participants were asked about a previous history of doctor-diagnosed PUD.

Prevalence of and factors related to the use of antidepressants and benzodiazepines: results from the Singapore Mental Health Study.

Background: Prescription and use of antidepressants and benzodiazepines are common in the general population. Prescription of psychotropic drugs is a complex process: patient, physician and healthcare characteristics mediate, interact and influence it. The current study aimed to establish the prevalence and factors associated with the use of antidepressants (ADs) and benzodiazepines (BZDs) in Singapore.

Psychiatric morbidity in pain conditions: results from the Singapore Mental Health Study.

Background: Chronic pain is a common problem among the general population and has been found to be associated with psychiatric disorders in studies based on both clinical samples and epidemiological surveys.

Objectives: To establish the prevalence, correlates and comorbidities of chronic pain disorders among the adult population of Singapore.

Methods: The data used in the present analysis were derived from the Singapore Mental Health Study, a cross-sectional epidemiological survey of a representative sample of the adult resident population of Singapore.

The role of sociodemographic factors in the risk of transition from alcohol use to disorders and remission in singapore.

Aims: The aim of the study was to define predictors of transition from alcohol use to disorders, and their remission, among adults residing in Singapore.

Methods: The Singapore Mental Health Study was a cross-sectional survey conducted from December 2009 to December 2010. Information on alcohol use, regular use, DSM-IV criteria for abuse and dependence, and remission among 6616 respondents was obtained with the Composite International Diagnostic Interview.

Roles of religious and spiritual advisors among adults in Singapore with mental illnesses.

OBJECTIVE Information is limited concerning the role of religious and spiritual advisors in providing help to people with mental illnesses in Singapore. This study examined that role, as well as the satisfaction with and the perceived effectiveness of the services provided, among people with mental health problems. METHODS Data were collected as part of a nationally representative household survey of residents 18 years and older in Singapore.

Latent structure of psychosis in the general population: results from the Singapore mental health study.

Background: Few studies have examined the latent construct of psychotic symptoms or distinguished between the latent construct and its manifest indicators. The current study aimed to investigate the latent structure of psychotic symptoms using factor mixture modeling (FMM) and to use the best-fitting model to examine its sociodemographic and clinical correlates.

Method: The Singapore Mental Health Study (SMHS) was based on an adult representative sample of the Singapore population.

Measuring health-related quality of life among adults in Singapore: population norms for the EQ-5D.

Purpose: To provide population norms for the Euro-QoL-5D (EQ-5D) according to age, sex, ethnicity and language version using a representative sample of adults aged 18 years and above in the Singapore population.

Methods: A total of 5,594 respondents who completed the self-administrated paper-based EQ-5D in the Singapore Mental Health Study were included in this study. Socio-demographic characteristics were captured using a structured questionnaire.

Body mass index and risk of mental disorders in the general population: results from the Singapore Mental Health Study.

Objective: The aims of the current study were to elucidate the association between body mass index (BMI) and mental disorders and to examine whether these associations are moderated by socio-demographic correlates and comorbid physical disorders.

Methods: The Singapore Mental Health Study (SMHS) surveyed adult Singapore residents (Singapore citizens and permanent residents) aged 18 years and above. The survey was conducted from December 2009 to December 2010.

Impact of psychiatric disorders and chronic physical conditions on health-related quality of life: Singapore Mental Health Study.

Background: Few studies have established Quality Adjusted Life Years (QALY) losses associated with mental and chronic physical conditions in the community. The aim of the current study was to establish and compare the QALY losses associated with select mental and chronic physical conditions in Singapore.

Methods: The Singapore Mental Health Study was a cross-sectional epidemiological survey of a nationally representative sample.

Gender differences in disability in a multiethnic Asian population: the Singapore Mental Health Study.

Purpose: The aims of the current study were to examine the gender specific associations between 12-month mood, anxiety and alcohol use disorders with five disability domains - Role, Social, Cognitive, Self-care and Mobility - after controlling for covariates in the multi-ethnic population in Singapore.

Methods: The Singapore Mental Health Study (SMHS) surveyed 6616 adult Singapore Residents with face-to-face interviews from December 2009 to December 2010. The diagnoses of mental disorders were established using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview version 3.

Age of onset of life-time mental disorders and treatment contact.

Background: Early onset of mental disorders is a major social and public health concern as it affects individuals in their most formative years. The impact is more pronounced when early onset is also associated with treatment delay. Little is known about the age of onset (AOO) for mental disorders and its predictors in Singapore.

Prevalence, correlates, comorbidity and severity of bipolar disorder: results from the Singapore Mental Health Study.

Background: Bipolar disorder (BPD) is a serious mental disorder and a leading cause of premature mortality worldwide. Prevalence and risk factors of BPD have not been well studied in multi-ethnic Asian populations. The study aimed to establish the prevalence of BPD and examine the associated socio-demographic correlates, comorbidity, severity, impairment and treatment contact in the Singapore resident population.

Smoking and nicotine dependence in Singapore: findings from a cross-sectional epidemiological study.

Introduction: Smoking is one of the leading preventable causes of death throughout the world and can lead to nicotine dependence, particularly when initiated at a young age. This paper describes the prevalence of smoking and nicotine dependence in the adult Singapore resident population, whilst also exploring rates among the major ethnic groups (Chinese, Malay and Indian), different education levels and those with chronic psychiatric and physical comorbidities.

Material And Methods: The Singapore Mental Health Study (SMHS) is a cross-sectional epidemiological study that was conducted between December 2009 and December 2010.

Predictors of treatment outcome among Asian pathological gamblers (PGs): clinical, behavioural, demographic, and treatment process factors.

Research on predictors of treatment outcome among pathological gamblers (PGs) is inconclusive and dominated by studies from Western countries. Using a prospective longitudinal design, the current study examined demographic, clinical, behavioural and treatment programme predictors of gambling frequency at 3, 6 and 12-months, among PGs treated at an addiction clinic in Singapore. Measures included the Hospital anxiety and depression scale, gambling symptom assessment scale (GSAS), personal well-being index (PWI), treatment perception questionnaire and gambling readiness to change scale.

Treatment gap in common mental disorders: the Singapore perspective.

Aims: The problem of wide treatment gaps in mental disorders is endemic world wide. The study aims to establish the treatment gap of common mental disorders in Singapore.

Methods: A national sample of 6616 persons aged 18 years and above was surveyed with the World Mental Health Composite International Diagnostic Interview in which for each diagnostic module, respondents were asked a series of questions regarding treatment contact.

"How much can I take?": predictors of perceived burden for relatives of people with chronic illness.

Introduction: Chronic illnesses are common and have detrimental effects not only on the affected individuals but also on their families. These negative consequences on the physical and psychological health of caregivers constitute the burden of care. We investigate the predictors of perceived burden of care among relatives of people with any chronic physical or mental illness using secondary data from a nationwide survey in Singapore.

Mental disorders: employment and work productivity in Singapore.

Aim: To examine the association between mental disorders and work disability in the adult resident population in Singapore.

Method: Data are from the Singapore Mental Health Study, which was a household survey of a nationally representative sample. The main instrument used was the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI).