The effect of Ca and Bi addition on the mechanical strength, corrosion resistance, and Rechargeability of Pb1.5Sn alloy for the positive grid of lead-acid batteries.

Lead-acid batteries need to evolve to keep up with the electrification of vehicles and not lose ground to other technologies. The grid designed using a lead alloy thus plays a very important role in the performance of the battery, as, in the course of the various cycles, this component undergoes a natural corrosion process at positive potential, while immersed in a sulfuric acid solution. The aim of this study is therefore to examine the effect of the addition of calcium and bismuth on the microstructure, mechanical behavior and corrosion resistance of the Pb1.