Reading can still be effective even when the order of letters in a word is mixed up, as shown by the "transposed-letter (TL) priming effect," which helps people recognize words better than when unrelated letters are substituted.
This study explored the TL priming effect in Arabic, which has a unique system where letter shapes change based on their placement in a word, contrasting with European languages that use the Roman alphabet.
While no TL priming was found in a lexical decision task likely influenced by Arabic's complex structure, significant TL priming was observed in tasks using Arabic words and nonwords, suggesting that Arabic readers adjust to letter shape changes to comprehend words more quickly.