Publications by authors named "Abdelrhman Abumoawad"
Article Synopsis
- * Common symptoms of PAD, like claudication and chronic limb-threatening ischemia, significantly reduce a person's ability to function and diminish their quality of life.
- * Current treatments aim to ease symptoms, enhance life quality, and prevent serious cardiovascular issues, consisting of various medications, exercise programs, and lifestyle changes like quitting smoking.
Article Synopsis
- Systemic thrombolysis (ST) is the standard treatment for high-risk pulmonary embolism (PE), but catheter-directed thrombolysis (CDT) may pose a lower bleeding risk; trends and outcomes for high-risk PE treatments remain poorly documented.
- A study analyzing data from 74,516 hospitalized patients with high-risk PE between 2016-2019 found that the majority received no lytic therapy (NLT), while ST and CDT were used less frequently; those receiving NLT were typically older and had more female patients.
- The findings revealed higher in-hospital mortality rates for ST compared to CDT and NLT, with CDT showing significantly lower rates of intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) and gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB
Background: Liver transplant (LT) is becoming increasingly common with improved life expectancy. Joint replacement is usually a safe procedure; however, its safety in LT recipients remains understudied.
Aim: To evaluate the mortality, outcome, and 90-d readmission rate in LT patients undergoing hip and knee replacement surgery.
Article Synopsis
- The study examines the use of cerebral embolic protection devices (CEPD) during transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) across US hospitals to understand their effectiveness in preventing strokes.
- Out of over 41,800 TAVI procedures analyzed, only 10.6% utilized CEPD, with 65.8% of hospitals not using these devices.
- Results indicated no significant differences in stroke or death rates between hospitals that used CEPD and those that did not, while costs were found to be lower in non-user hospitals.
Background: Data regarding hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM) patients undergoing noncardiac surgery is lacking. We sought to examine the perioperative outcomes of HOCM patients undergoing noncardiac surgery using a national database.
Methods: We used the National readmission database from 2016 to 2019.
Article Synopsis
- There is limited data on current trends in the use of advanced therapies for pulmonary embolism (PE) in the U.S. and patient outcomes for acute PE.
- A study analyzed data from the Nationwide Readmissions Database (2016-2020), finding increased use of advanced therapies, especially systemic thrombolytics and catheter-directed treatments, alongside a rise in high-risk PE diagnoses.
- Although the use of certain treatments like inferior vena cava filters decreased, overall mortality rates remained stable, and the rate of 90-day unplanned readmissions showed improvement.
Article Synopsis
- The study analyzed trends and outcomes of transcatheter aortic valve implant (TAVI) in patients with prior coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery using data from the Nationwide Readmissions Database between 2016 and 2019.
- It found that the percentage of patients with previous CABG undergoing TAVI decreased from 21% in 2016 to 15.5% in 2019, without significant changes in in-hospital mortality rates.
- Key findings included that patients with prior CABG had lower in-hospital mortality and similar rates of complications compared to those without CABG, while factors like female gender and advanced kidney disease were linked to higher mortality in this group.
Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, poor functional status, and lower quality of life. Cigarette smoking is a major preventable risk factor for PAD and is strongly associated with a higher risk of disease progression, worse post-procedural outcomes, and increased healthcare utilization. The arterial narrowing due to atherosclerotic lesions in PAD leads to decreased perfusion to the limbs and can ultimately cause arterial obstruction and limb ischemia.
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- Hybrid convergent procedure (HCP) for atrial fibrillation (AF) shows better success in maintaining freedom from arrhythmias compared to traditional endocardial catheter ablation (ECA).
- Despite its efficacy, HCP is linked to a higher risk of complications and involves longer procedure times and hospital stays.
- Future research through large-scale randomized trials is essential to further assess the safety and effectiveness of HCP in AF treatment.
Article Synopsis
- Atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis (ARAS) negatively affects the function of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), making them less effective for potential therapies, but hypoxia preconditioning (HPC) could improve their function through epigenetic changes.
- In an experiment, MSCs from healthy and ARAS pigs were tested under normal and hypoxic conditions, measuring factors like migration, proliferation, and gene expression.
- Results indicated that HPC enhanced the ability of ARAS MSCs to migrate and proliferate, increased certain pro-angiogenic factors, and decreased markers of cellular senescence, suggesting HPC could be a beneficial strategy for improving MSC therapies in ARAS patients.
Article Synopsis
- Tissue fibrosis is a key indicator of the progression of kidney diseases, and diffusion-weighted MRI (DWI-MRI) can assess how water moves through kidney tissues, potentially indicating renal injury.
- Researchers studied the effects of medical therapy alone or in combination with renal angioplasty in patients with renovascular disease (RVD) and found that while certain kidney functions improved, the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) remained unchanged.
- The study suggests that lower ADC values might indicate kidney injury, but further research is necessary to explore better ways to measure kidney recovery after treatment.
Article Synopsis
- Cell stress can lead to cellular senescence, which is a state of permanent growth arrest, and this may occur in stenotic kidneys due to renal artery stenosis (RAS).
- The study investigated whether mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) could alleviate the effects of RAS-induced senescence in a mouse model and in humans with renovascular hypertension.
- Results showed that while MSCs improved kidney function and reduced some injuries, they only partially reduced markers of senescence, indicating that targeted therapies may be needed for better senolytic effects in RAS.
Article Synopsis
- A study was conducted on patients with atherosclerotic renovascular disease (ARVD) to evaluate the effects of autologous mesenchymal stem cell infusion, which aims to improve kidney function.
- Thirty-nine patients participated, with 21 receiving stem cell infusions at varying doses, while 18 others received only medical therapy for comparison.
- Results showed that stem cell treatment significantly increased renal blood flow, improved glomerular filtration rate (GFR), and reduced inflammation, with higher doses leading to better outcomes, highlighting the potential for stem cells in treating ARVD.
Article Synopsis
- * Researchers studied patients with essential and renovascular hypertension, finding that urine from these patients had higher levels of p16+ EVs, a marker for cell aging, compared to healthy individuals.
- * The presence of p16 in urine correlated with kidney function and inflammatory markers, suggesting that measuring these EVs could help identify specific areas of kidney damage in hypertensive patients.
Objectives: To validate and adapt a modified two-compartment model, originally developed for magnetic resonance imaging, for measuring human single-kidney glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and perfusion using dynamic contrast-enhanced computed tomography (DCE-CT).
Methods: This prospective study was approved by the institutional review board, and written informed consent was obtained from all patients. Thirty-eight patients with essential hypertension (EH, n = 13) or atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis (ARAS, n = 25) underwent renal DCE-CT for GFR and perfusion measurement using a modified two-compartment model.
Article Synopsis
- The study investigates the connections between renal blood flow (RBF), tissue oxygen levels, and inflammation in patients with atherosclerotic renovascular disease (ARVD), using iothalamate GFR measurements and BOLD MRI for assessing oxygenation.
- It finds that lower glomerular filtration rates (GFR) correlate with higher renal hypoxia and inflammatory markers, indicating that oxygen levels stabilize despite moderate drops in RBF and GFR.
- The research suggests that severe reductions in GFR lead to significant tissue hypoxia and inflammation, highlighting the need for targeted therapies to manage these transitions in ARVD.
Rationale And Objectives: Multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) is useful for measuring in the research setting single-kidney perfusion and function using iodinated contrast time-attenuation curves. Obesity promotes deposition of intrarenal fat, which might decrease tissue attenuation and thereby interfere with quantification of renal function using MDCT. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that background subtraction adequately accounts for intrarenal fat deposition in mildly obese human subjects during renal contrast enhanced dynamic CT.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHypertension, an important cause of chronic kidney disease, is characterized by peritubular capillary (PTC) loss. Circulating levels of endothelial microparticles (EMPs) reflect systemic endothelial injury. We hypothesized that systemic and urinary PTC-EMPs levels would reflect renal microvascular injury in hypertensive patients.
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- The study investigates how changes in kidney structure due to fat deposition from obesity affect the accuracy of assessing kidney blood flow using MDCT imaging in pigs.
- It involved feeding pigs either a standard diet or a high-cholesterol/carbohydrate diet for 16 weeks, followed by imaging with dynamic contrast to measure kidney perfusion.
- Results showed that even with increased fat in the kidneys of obese pigs, MDCT adequately measured renal perfusion, suggesting this imaging technique's effectiveness in assessing kidney function in obese individuals.