Clinical efficacy of mini-percutaneous nephrolithotomy versus retrograde intrarenal surgery for the management of upper urinary tract calculus (1-2.5 cm) in children ≤10 years of age.

Background: With improvements in endoscopic surgery, open surgical procedures for urinary system stones have cleared the path for the use of less invasive treatment modalities in patients with pediatric kidney stone disease. Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL), percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL), and retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS) are among the treatment options available.

Objective: To prospectively evaluate the outcomes of mini-percutaneous nephrolithotomy and retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS) for children ≤10 years of age with upper urinary tract calculus (1-2.