Ingestion of 'whole cell' or 'split cell' sp., sp., and milk protein show divergent postprandial plasma amino acid responses with similar postprandial blood glucose control in humans.

Introduction: Microalgae provide a sustainable basis for protein-rich food production. However, human data concerning microalgae ingestion, subsequent postprandial amino acid (AA) availability and associated metabolic responses are minimal.

Objectives: We investigated ingesting sp.

High-protein vegan and omnivorous diets improve peripheral insulin sensitivity to a similar extent in people with type 2 diabetes.

Background: High-protein diets have been recognized as a potential strategy in the nutritional management of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Mycoprotein is a high-fibre, high-protein food ingredient previously shown to improve acute glycaemic control. We determined whether incorporating mycoprotein into a high-protein vegan diet would improve glycaemic control to a greater extent than an isonitrogenous omnivorous diet in people with T2D.

Repositioning Canagliflozin for Mitigation of Aluminium Chloride-Induced Alzheimer's Disease: Involvement of TXNIP/NLRP3 Inflammasome Axis, Mitochondrial Dysfunction, and SIRT1/HMGB1 Signalling.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disorder in the world. Due to failure of the traditional drugs to produce a complete cure for AD, the search for new safe and effective lines of therapy has attracted the attention of ongoing research. Canagliflozin is an anti-diabetic agent with proven efficacy in the treatment of neurological disorders in which mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and autophagy play a pathophysiological role.

Assessment of knowledge, attitude, and practice toward first aid among female school educators in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional study.

Objectives: School-age children are constantly at risk of unintentional injuries. School educational staff are the primary group responsible for maintaining student welfare and responding to emergency situations. The present study aims to evaluate the knowledge and attitudes, practice level, and contextual factors related to first aid among female educational staff in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Procalcitonin-Guided Management and Duration of Antibiotic Therapy in Critically Ill Cancer Patients With Sepsis (Pro-Can Study): A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Objectives: To evaluate the effect of procalcitonin-guided management on the duration of antibiotic therapy in critically ill cancer patients with sepsis.

Design: Randomized, controlled, single-blinded trial.

Setting: A comprehensive multidisciplinary cancer hospital in Jordan.

Deciphering metabolomics and lipidomics landscape in zebrafish hypertrophic cardiomyopathy model.

To elucidate the lipidomic and metabolomic alterations associated with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) pathogenesis, we utilized cmybpc3-/- zebrafish model. Fatty acid profiling revealed variability of 10 fatty acids profiles, with heterozygous (HT) and homozygous (HM) groups exhibiting distinct patterns. Hierarchical cluster analysis and multivariate analyses demonstrated a clear separation of HM from HT and control (CO) groups related to cardiac remodeling.

Readiness of University Students in Riyadh to Participate in Basic Life Support Programs: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Introduction Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest is one of the greatest causes of death in the world. When basic life support (BLS) techniques are performed rapidly, the odds of survival increase. The aim of this research is to assess the university students' preparation and knowledge level regarding their interest in participating in BLS.

A randomized trial of behavioral interventions yielding sustained reductions in distracted driving.

Distracted driving is responsible for nearly 1 million crashes each year in the United States alone, and a major source of driver distraction is handheld phone use. We conducted a randomized, controlled trial to compare the effectiveness of interventions designed to create sustained reductions in handheld use while driving (NCT04587609). Participants were 1,653 consenting Progressive® Snapshot® usage-based auto insurance customers ages 18 to 77 who averaged at least 2 min/h of handheld use while driving in the month prior to study invitation.

The addition of mycoprotein to a mixed-meal impacts postprandial glucose kinetics without altering blood glucose concentrations: a randomised controlled trial.

Background: Mycoprotein is a high-fibre food previously shown to reduce postprandial glucose concentrations when ingested within a mixed-meal. We applied a dual stable isotope tracer approach to determine whether this is due to a reduced rate of appearance of glucose, in participants of ranging BMI.

Methods: Twenty-four adults (F = 8, BMI 30 ± 6 kg·m) attended 2 trials in a double-blind, randomised, cross-over design.

Feedback and Financial Incentives for Reducing Cell Phone Use While Driving: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Handheld phone use while driving is a major factor in vehicle crashes. Scalable interventions are needed to encourage drivers not to use their phones.

Objective: To test whether interventions involving social comparison feedback and/or financial incentives can reduce drivers' handheld phone use.

Divergent Biochemical Properties and Disparate Impact of Arrhythmogenic Calmodulin Mutations on Zebrafish Cardiac Function.

Calmodulin (CaM) is a ubiquitous, small cytosolic calcium (Ca)-binding sensor that plays a vital role in many cellular processes by binding and regulating the activity of over 300 protein targets. In cardiac muscle, CaM modulates directly or indirectly the activity of several proteins that play a key role in excitation-contraction coupling (ECC), such as ryanodine receptor type 2 (RyR2), l-type Ca (Ca1.2), sodium (NaV1.

High-Moisture Extrusion of a Dietary Protein Blend Impairs In Vitro Digestion and Delays In Vivo Postprandial Plasma Amino Acid Availability in Humans.

Background: Industrial processing can alter the structural complexity of dietary proteins and, potentially, their digestion and absorption upon ingestion. High-moisture extrusion (HME), a common processing method used to produce meat alternative products, affects in vitro digestion, but human data are lacking. We hypothesized that HME of a mycoprotein/pea protein blend would impair in vitro digestion and in vivo postprandial plasma amino acid availability.

A ketone monoester drink reduces postprandial blood glucose concentrations in adults with type 2 diabetes: a randomised controlled trial.

Aims/hypothesis: The aim of the present study was to conduct a randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind, crossover trial to determine whether pre-meal ketone monoester ingestion reduces postprandial glucose concentrations in individuals with type 2 diabetes.

Methods: In this double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover design study, ten participants with type 2 diabetes (age 59±1.7 years, 50% female, BMI 32±1 kg/m, HbA 54±2 mmol/mol [7.

Epstein-Barr Virus Promotes Tumorigenicity and Worsens Hodgkin Lymphoma Prognosis by Activating JAK/STAT and NF-κB Signaling Pathways.

Background: Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is detected in 40% of patients with Hodgkin lymphoma (HL). During latency, EBV induces epigenetic alterations to the host genome and decreases the expression of pro-apoptotic proteins. The present study aimed to evaluate the expression levels of mRNA molecules and the end product of proteins for the JAK/STAT and NF-κB pathways, and their association with clinicopathological and prognostic parameters in patients with EBV-positive and -negative classical Hodgkin lymphoma (CHL).

The impact of forearm immobilization and acipimox administration on muscle amino acid metabolism and insulin sensitivity in healthy, young volunteers.

Although the mechanisms underpinning short-term muscle disuse atrophy and associated insulin resistance remain to be elucidated, perturbed lipid metabolism might be involved. Our aim was to determine the impact of acipimox administration [i.e.

Ingestion of a variety of non-animal-derived dietary protein sources results in diverse postprandial plasma amino acid responses which differ between young and older adults.

Whole-body tissue protein turnover is regulated, in part, by the postprandial rise in plasma amino acid concentrations, although minimal data exist on the amino acid response following non-animal-derived protein consumption. We hypothesised that the ingestion of novel plant- and algae-derived dietary protein sources would elicit divergent plasma amino acid responses when compared with vegan- and animal-derived control proteins. Twelve healthy young (male (m)/female (f): 6/6; age: 22 ± 1 years) and 10 healthy older (m/f: 5/5; age: 69 ± 2 years) adults participated in a randomised, double-blind, cross-over trial.

Nasogastric bolus administration of a protein-rich drink augments insulinaemia and aminoacidaemia but not whole-body protein turnover or muscle protein synthesis versus oral administration.

Nasogastric feeding of protein-rich liquids is a nutritional support therapy that attenuates muscle mass loss. However, whether administration via a nasogastric tube per se augments whole-body or muscle protein anabolism compared with oral administration is unknown. Healthy participants were administered a protein-rich drink (225 ml containing 21 g protein) orally (ORAL; n=13; age 21 ± 1 year; BMI 22.

Immunohistochemical Expression of Immune Checkpoints; CTLA-4, LAG3, and TIM-3 in Cancer Cells and Tumor-infiltrating Lymphocytes (TILs) in Colorectal Carcinoma.

Background: Colorectal cancer is considered the third most prevalent cancer in both sexes. Immune checkpoint receptors that regulate T-cell response, stimulation, and development include lymphocyte activating gene 3 (LAG-3), cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4), and T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain 3 (Tim-3). In addition, they are crucial for the advancement of cancer and tumor immune escape.

Directed Self-Assembly of Diamond Networks in Triblock Terpolymer Films on Patterned Substrates.

Block copolymers (BCPs) are particularly effective in creating soft nanostructured templates for transferring complex 3D network structures into inorganic materials that are difficult to fabricate by other methods. However, achieving control of the local ordering within these 3D networks over large areas remains a significant obstacle to advancing material properties. Here, we address this challenge by directing the self-assembly of a 3D alternating diamond morphology by solvent vapor annealing of a triblock terpolymer film on a chemically patterned substrate.

The prevalence and associated factors of Helicobacter pylori infection among asymptomatic adolescent schoolchildren in Sudan: a cross-sectional study.

Background: Only few data have been published on Helicobacter pylori infection in adolescents in Sub-Saharan Africa, including Sudan. The aim of the present study was to investigate the prevalence and associated factors of H. pylori infection in asymptomatic adolescents schoolchildren (aged 10-19 years) in Sudan.

Maximal sustainable energy intake during transatlantic ocean rowing is insufficient for total energy expenditure and skeletal muscle mass maintenance.

Studies of extreme endurance have suggested that there is an alimentary limit to energy intake (EI) of ∼2.5 × resting metabolic rate (RMR). To gain further insight, this study aimed to simultaneously measure EI, total energy expenditure (TEE) body mass and muscle mass in a large cohort of males and females of varying ages during a transatlantic rowing race.

Regulation of renal nitric oxide and eNOS/iNOS expression by tadalafil participates in the mitigation of amphotericin B-induced renal injury: Down-regulation of NF-κB/iNOS/caspase-3 signaling.

Amphotericin B (AmB)-induced acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common health problem having an undesirable impact on its urgent therapeutic utility for fatal systemic fungal infections. Tadalafil (TAD), a phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE-5) inhibitor, has been observed to have a wide range of pharmacological actions, including nephroprotection. The study's objective was to examine the possible underlying protective mechanism of TAD against AmB-induced nephrotoxicity.

The impact of short-term forearm immobilization and acipimox administration on muscle amino acid metabolism and insulin sensitivity in healthy, young volunteers.

The mechanisms underpinning short-term muscle disuse atrophy remain to be elucidated, but perturbations in lipid metabolism may be involved. Specifically, positive muscle non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) balance has been implicated in the development of disuse-induced insulin and anabolic resistance. Our aim was to determine the impact of acipimox administration (i.

Control of TGFβ signalling by ubiquitination independent function of E3 ubiquitin ligase TRIP12.

Transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) pathway is a master regulator of cell proliferation, differentiation, and death. Deregulation of TGFβ signalling is well established in several human diseases including autoimmune disorders and cancer. Thus, understanding molecular pathways governing TGFβ signalling may help better understand the underlying causes of some of those conditions.