Intrinsic timing of brood care in shell-dwelling cichlids.

Brood care relies on interactions between parents and offspring. Emergence of nestlings from their nest has been hypothesized to rely on the readout by the parent of the maturational state of the young. Theoretical considerations predict a conflict: parents should push for early emergence, if possible, to reduce care demands and maximize the number of reproductive cycles, whereas offspring should delay leaving to maximize resource allocation and protection by the parents.

Biosynthesized ZnO NPs loaded-electrospun PVA/sodium alginate/glycine nanofibers: synthesis, spinning optimization and antimicrobial activity evaluation.

In this work, microalgae-based zinc oxide nanoparticles loaded with electrospun polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/sodium alginate (SA) nanofibers were fabricated by electro-spinner. PVA/SA fibrous mats were crosslinked by citric acid, which enhanced their thermal stability and swelling behavior. Green-synthesized ZnO NPs were laboratory synthesized and characterized by FTIR, XRD, EDX, SEM, TEM and TGA analyses.

Rational design, synthesis, biological evaluation, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics of substituted uracil derivatives as potent anti-cancer agents.

An efficient synthesis of a series of uracil analogous was performed to obtain new potential anticancer agents. The cytotoxic effect of the synthesized derivatives was assessed in vitro against three cancer cell lines, namely hepatic cancer (HepG-2), colon cancer (HCT-116), and breast cancer (MCF-7). Among the tested compounds, 5, 11 and 15 stood as potent uracil derivatives with pan cytotoxicity against the 3 cell lines out-performing the reference compound 5-FU.

Novel Dual Acetyl- and Butyrylcholinesterase Inhibitors Based on the Pyridyl-Pyridazine Moiety for the Potential Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease.

: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by cholinergic dysfunction, making the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) critical for improving cholinergic neurotransmission. However, the development of effective dual inhibitors remains challenging. : This study aims to synthesize and evaluate novel pyridazine-containing compounds as potential dual inhibitors of AChE and BuChE for AD treatment.

An artificial gorilla troops optimizer for stochastic unit commitment problem solution incorporating solar, wind, and load uncertainties.

The unit commitment (UC) optimization issue is a vital issue in the operation and management of power systems. In recent years, the significant inroads of renewable energy (RE) resources, especially wind power and solar energy generation systems, into power systems have led to a huge increment in levels of uncertainty in power systems. Consequently, solution the UC is being more complicated.

Designing Potent Anti-Cancer Agents: Synthesis and Molecular Docking Studies of Thieno[2,3-][1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-]pyrimidine Derivatives.

A new series of thieno[2,3-][1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-]pyrimidines was designed and synthesized using readily available starting materials, specifically, -enaminoester. Their cytotoxicity was screened against three cancer cell lines, namely, MCF-7, HCT-116, and PC-3. 2-(4-bromophenyl)triazole and 2-(anthracen-9-yl)triazole afforded excellent potency against MCF-7 cell lines (IC = 19.

Synthesis of novel azo pyrazole disperse dyes for dyeing and antibacterial finishing of PET fabric under supercritical carbon dioxide.

Supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO) has been suggested as a good substitution to environmentally harmful water-based tincturing. The present study describes the successful synthesis of some biologically active dispersion tinctures for supercritical carbon dioxide tincturing of polyester fabric. The coupling of 1-cyanoacetylpiperidine (1) with the diazonium salt of aryl amine derivatives (2a-d) produced 1-((aryldiazenyl) cyanoacetyl piperidines (3a-d).

Novel pectin-based nanocomposite film for active food packaging applications.

Novel pectin-based films reinforced with crystalline nanocellulose (CNC) and activated with zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) were prepared by solvent-casting method. Film ingredients enhanced UV-blocking, thermal, and antibacterial properties of active films against well-known foodborne pathogens. Optimal active films exhibited higher mechanical, water vapor barrier properties compared to pristine pectin films.

Enhancement of Cerium Sorption onto Urea-Functionalized Magnetite Chitosan Microparticles by Sorbent Sulfonation-Application to Ore Leachate.

The recovery of strategic metals such as rare earth elements (REEs) requires the development of new sorbents with high sorption capacities and selectivity. The bi-functionality of sorbents showed a remarkable capacity for the enhancement of binding properties. This work compares the sorption properties of magnetic chitosan (MC, prepared by dispersion of hydrothermally precipitated magnetite microparticles (synthesized through Fe(II)/Fe(III) precursors) into chitosan solution and crosslinking with glutaraldehyde) with those of the urea derivative (MC-UR) and its sulfonated derivative (MC-UR/S) for cerium (as an example of REEs).

Grafting of Thiazole Derivative on Chitosan Magnetite Nanoparticles for Cadmium Removal-Application for Groundwater Treatment.

The synthesis and developments of magnetic chitosan nanoparticles for high efficiency removal of the cadmium ions from aquatic medium are one of the most challenging techniques. Highly adsorptive composite (MCH-ATA) was produced by the reaction of chitosan with formaldehyde and amino thiazole derivative. The sorbent was characterized by FTIR, elemental analyses (EA), SEM-EDX, TEM analysis, TGA and titration (volumetric).

Design, synthesis, anticancer, and docking of some S- and/or N-heterocyclic derivatives as VEGFR-2 inhibitors.

Novel heterocyclic derivatives (4-22) were designed, synthesized, and evaluated against hepatocellular carcinoma type (HepG2) and breast cancer (MCF-7) cells, targeting the VEGFR-2 enzyme. Compounds 18, 10, 13, 11, and 14 were found to be the most potent derivatives against both the HepG2 and MCF-7 cancer cell lines, with GI  = 2.11, 2.

Seroprevalence of and IgG and IgM antibodies among buffaloes and cattle from Menoufia Province, Egypt.

The main reasons behind performing the current study were the high distribution of the water buffaloes and cattle in Menoufia province, the veterinary importance of and and the limited information on the seropositivity of these parasites in Menoufia province, Egypt. Therefore, the current study was conducted to estimate the distribution of anti- and anti- antibodies (IgM and IgG) in water buffaloes and cattle from Menoufia province. ELISA methods based on the surface antigen 1 of (SAG1t) and the surface antigen 2 of (SAG2t) were utilized to detect both specific IgM and IgG for these parasites.

Discovery of New Pyrazolopyridine, Furopyridine, and Pyridine Derivatives as CDK2 Inhibitors: Design, Synthesis, Docking Studies, and Anti-Proliferative Activity.

New pyridine, pyrazoloyridine, and furopyridine derivatives substituted with naphthyl and thienyl moieties were designed and synthesized starting from 6-(naphthalen-2-yl)-2-oxo-4-(thiophen-2-yl)-1,2-dihydropyridine-3-carbonitrile (). The chloro, methoxy, cholroacetoxy, imidazolyl, azide, and arylamino derivatives were prepared to obtain the pyridine- functionalized derivatives. The derived pyrazolpyridine--glycosides were synthesized via heterocyclization of the -thioxopyridine derivative followed by glycosylation using glucose and galactose.

Pyridine-derived VEGFR-2 inhibitors: Rational design, synthesis, anticancer evaluations, in silico ADMET profile, and molecular docking.

Novel pyridine-derived compounds (5-19) were designed and synthesized, and their anticancer activities were evaluated against HepG2 and MCF-7 cells, targeting the VEGFR-2 enzyme. Compounds 10, 9, 8, and 15 were found to be the most potent derivatives against the two cancer cell lines, HepG2 and MCF-7, respectively, with IC  = 4.25 and 6.

Synthesis of Eco-Friendly Biopolymer, Alginate-Chitosan Composite to Adsorb the Heavy Metals, Cd(II) and Pb(II) from Contaminated Effluents.

Efficient removal of Cd(II) and Pb(II) from contaminated water is considered a fundamental point of view. Synthetic hydrogel biopolymers based on chitosan and alginate (cost-effective and eco-friendly) were successfully designed and characterized by highly efficient removal contaminants. The sorbents are characterized by FTIR, SEM-EDX, TGA, XPS analyses and textural properties which are qualified by N adsorption.

Synthesis and Antibacterial Activities of Different Five-Membered Heterocyclic Rings Incorporated with Pyridothienopyrimidine.

Certain pyridothienopyrimidine derivatives exhibit antiatheroscleorotic, antibacterial, antiviral, antidepressant, antidiabetic, antihypertensive, anticancer, antihistaminic, antiallergic, anti-inflammatory, spasmolytic, analgesic, and neurotropic activities. 4-Hydrazino-7,9-dimethylpyrido[3',2':4,5]thieno[3,2-]pyrimidine () is a reported pyridothienopyrimidine derivative. In the current study, () has been reacted with different reagents to obtain 12 new pyridothienopyrimidine derivatives.

Synthesis and Cytotoxic Activity of New Thiazolopyrimidine Sugar Hydrazones and Their Derived Acyclic Nucleoside Analogues.

New thienyl- or chlorophenyl-substituted thiazolopyrimidine derivatives and their derived sugar hydrazones incorporating acyclic d-galactosyl or d-xylosyl sugar moieties in addition to their per-O-acetylated derivatives were synthesized. Heterocyclization of the formed sugar hydrazones afforded the derived acyclic nucleoside analogues possessing the 1,3,4-oxadiazoline as modified nucleobase via acetylation followed by the cyclization process. The cytotoxic activity of the synthesized compounds was studied against human breast cancer MCF7 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines as well as human colorectal cancer HCT 116 and Caco-2 cell lines.

cuticle glycoproteins in the diagnosis of calves' toxocariasis.

Aim: The current study was designed to isolate and characterize glycoprotein antigens and then to evaluate its potency in accurate diagnosis of toxocariasis.

Materials And Methods: glycoprotein fractions were isolated using Con-A affinity chromatography. The fractions characterized using sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), and immunoblot assay.

Synthesis and Evaluation of Novel Cholestanoheterocyclic Steroids as Anticancer Agents.

Modification of steroid molecules by introducing heterocyclic ring into the core structure of steroids has been utilized as an attractive approach for either cancer prognosis or diagnosis. Several new cholestanoheterocyclic steroids were synthesized, and analytical and spectral data proved the validity of the novel synthesized steroid derivatives. The cytotoxicity of synthesized compounds 3, 4, 5, 7, 9, 10, 13, 15b, and 16b was evaluated using human colorectal cancer HCT 116 and Caco-2, cervical cancer HeLa, hepatoma HepG2, and breast cancer MCF7 cell lines.

Functionalization of Magnetic Chitosan Particles for the Sorption of U(VI), Cu(II) and Zn(II)-Hydrazide Derivative of Glycine-Grafted Chitosan.

A new magnetic functionalized derivative of chitosan is synthesized and characterized for the sorption of metal ions (environmental applications and metal valorization). The chemical modification of the glycine derivative of chitosan consists of: activation of the magnetic support with epichlorohydrin, followed by reaction with either glycine to produce the reference material (i.e.

Game Theory Meets Wireless Sensor Networks Security Requirements and Threats Mitigation: A Survey.

We present a study of using game theory for protecting wireless sensor networks (WSNs) from selfish behavior or malicious nodes. Due to scalability, low complexity and disseminated nature of WSNs, malicious attacks can be modeled effectively using game theory. In this study, we survey the different game-theoretic defense strategies for WSNs.