Neonatal brucellosis: A case report.

Although brucellosis is not uncommon in Saudi Arabia, neonatal brucellosis has been infrequently reported. In this case of neonatal brucellosis, Brucella abortus was isolated by blood culture from both the mother and the neonate. Serology was positive only in the mother.

Changing epidemiology of tuberculosis detected by an 8-year retrospective laboratory study in a tertiary teaching hospital in central Saudi Arabia.

Objective: To study the laboratory diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB), and relate the findings to its epidemiology in Central Saudi Arabia.

Methods: This retrospective study was carried out at the Department of Pathology/Microbiology, King Khalid University Hospital, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia between January 2003 and December 2010. Data were retrieved from the hospital information system on laboratory findings.

National surveillance of antimicrobial resistance among Gram-positive bacteria in Saudi Arabia.

Background: Antimicrobial-resistant Gram-positive bacteria are important causes of serious infections.

Methods: Between January and December 2009, we examined clinical Gram-positive isolates from 24 hospitals across Saudi Arabia.

Results: Among the 13750 isolates, Staphylococcus aureus (62.

Brucella spp isolated from respiratory sample and grown in Mycobacterium growth indicator tube (MGIT).

Brucellosis remains endemic in many countries including Saudi Arabia. The disinfection of objects and surfaces contaminated with Brucella spp is not difficult, but we encountered a situation in which the organism survived the decontamination and liquefaction procedure adopted for AFB culture. A sputum specimen from a patient was sent for TB culture and the BACTEC MGIT 960 system isolated an organism identified as Brucella spp.

Salmonella isolates serotypes and susceptibility to commonly used drugs at a tertiary care hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Introduction: Resistance of Salmonella to therapeutic agents currently being used for treatment of Salmonella infections is emerging as a global problem. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of Salmonella serotypes and their susceptibility patterns to commonly used drugs for treatment of Salmonella infections including quinolones. Correlation between nalidixic acid susceptibility of these isolates and their ciprofloxacin minimum inhibitory concentrations was also sought.

Nosocomial transmission of community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in a well-infant nursery of a teaching hospital.

Background: Infection due to community-acquired strains of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) has been reported with increasing frequency. Herein is described the nosocomial transmission of CA-MRSA involving 13 neonates and two mothers in a well-infant nursery in a teaching hospital in Saudi Arabia.

Methods: From October to November 2009, temporally related cases of CA-MRSA skin and soft-tissue infection occurred in newborns shortly after discharge from a well-infant nursery.

Antimicrobial resistance among non-fermenting Gram-negative bacteria in Saudi Arabia.

Objectives: Non-fermentative Gram-negative bacilli (non-fermenters) can cause serious healthcare-associated infections and are often resistant to multiple antibiotics. We examined resistance rates among these bacteria from different regions of Saudi Arabia.

Methods: A cross-sectional study between January and December 2009 examined 8908 clinical non-fermenters from 24 hospitals across Saudi Arabia.

Treatment of disseminated mycobacterial infection with high-dose IFN-γ in a patient with IL-12Rβ1 deficiency.

IFN-γ has been used in the treatment of IL-12Rβ1 deficiency patients with disseminated BCG infection (BCGosis), but the optimal dose to reach efficacy is not clear. We used IFN-γ in the treatment of a 2.7-year-old patient with IL-12Rβ1 deficiency and refractory BCG-osis.

Mycobacterium chelonae complex bacteremia from a post-renal transplant patient: case report and literature review.

In this report we present a case of a young lady with abdominal abscesses and septicemia caused by Mycobacterium chelonae complex. Identification of the organism and initiation of the appropriate antimicrobial therapy was delayed, resulting in significant morbidity and multiple hospital admissions. Gram staining of these organisms from blood culture can be easily overlooked or confused with either debris or diptheroids.

Antimicrobial activity of tigecycline against bacterial isolates from intensive care units in a teaching hospital in Central Saudi Arabia.

Objective: To test the activity of tigecycline against bacterial isolates including multi-drug resistant (MDR) gram negative and gram positive organisms from intensive care patients.

Methods: Clinically significant gram positive and MDR gram negative isolates from specimens of patients in the intensive care units of King Khalid University Hospital (KKUH), Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arbia between November 1, 2006 and December 31, 2008 were tested against tigecycline by disc diffusion (DD) method. In some isolates, the minimal inhibitory concentration was carried out by E-test method.

A study of bacterial isolates from corneal specimens and their antibiotic resistance profile.

Objective: We aim to examine the spectrum of bacteria causing corneal infections and their antibiotic susceptibility patterns. This will serve as a guideline for empiric therapy of corneal infections.

Methods: We conducted the study over a period of 18 months from March 2001 through December 2002 in King Abdul-Aziz University Hospital, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

Bloodstream infections in pediatric patients.

Objective: Blood stream infection (BSI) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in pediatric patients. This study aims to describe the clinical, microbiological characteristics and outcome of BSI in pediatric patients.

Methods: We collected the clinical data from all pediatric patients with positive blood cultures.

Streptococcus pneumoniae serotypes/serogroups causing invasive disease in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia: extent of coverage by pneumococcal vaccines.

Background: Serogroup distribution of sterile site pneumococcal isolates varies between developing and developed countries as well as between different geographical regions. The potential efficacy of any pneumococcal vaccine depends on the degree of representation of the prevalent serogroups in the vaccine. We conducted this study to determine the prevalent pneumococcal serogroups causing invasive infections in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia and to estimate the coverage by the various pneumococcal conjugate vaccines.

Comparison of clinico-radiological features of patients with positive cultures of nontuberculous mycobacteria and patients with tuberculosis.

Objective: To identify the clinico-radiological features of patients with positive cultures for nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) and compare those to a sample of patients with tuberculosis (MTB).

Methods: A laboratory database was used to retrieve all specimens submitted to King Khalid University Hospital, Riyadh, mycobacteriology laboratory for mycobacterial smears and cultures during the period from October 1999-April 2002. Using this database, the original records of the mycobacteriology laboratory and a review of the patient's health records, a standard proforma was completed that included demographic, clinical, radiological and laboratory information on patients included in this study.

Isolation of coryneform bacteria from blood cultures of patients at a University Hospital in Saudi Arabia.

Objective: Coryneform bacteria have been increasingly recognized as opportunistic pathogens in recent years. The aim of this study is to identify and determine the antimicrobial susceptibility of coryneform bacteria isolated from blood cultures of patients seen at King Khalid University Hospital (KKUH), Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and review the literature.

Methods: All coryneform bacteria isolated from blood culture specimens between January 2001 and March 2003 were prospectively identified by API Coryne System (BioMerieux, France).

Enterococcal bacteremia in a teaching hospital in the Central region of Saudi Arabia.

Objective: To study enterococcal blood stream infection including the different species isolated, their antibiotic resistance associated risk factors and outcome of treatment.

Methods: A retrospective and prospective study was carried out over a 12 month period between June 2001 and May 2002 in King Khalid University Hospital, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Sixty episodes of enterococcal bacteremia with clinical significance detected in adults and neonates were included.

Prevalence of H.influenzae biotypes and their clinical significance in a University Hospital.

Objective: Hemophilus influenzae is an important pathogen that is responsible for invasive and non-invasive infections in both children and adults. This study aims to assess the relationship of biotypes to the sites of infection, serotypes, antimicrobial susceptibility, beta-lactamase production and age.

Methods: A total of 200 isolates of H.

Penicillin resistance in serogroups/serotypes of Streptococcus pneumoniae causing invasive infections in Central Saudi Arabia.

Objective: To determine the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of penicillin, ceftriaxone and vancomycin of serogroups/serotypes of Streptococcus pneumoniae (S. pneumoniae) from invasive diseases in all age groups from major hospitals in Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA).

Methods: All isolates of S.

Hemophilus influenzae serotype-b meningitis in an adult immunocompetent patient.

We present a case of meningitis caused by Hemophilus influenzae type b in an immunocompetent 41-year-old Saudi lady. The patient was successfully treated with Ceftriaxone for 10 days. A review of Hemophilus influenzae meningitis in adults and the impact of conjugated vaccine on the epidemiology of the disease are given.

Hemophilus influenzae serotype-b meningitis in an adult immunocompetent patient.

We present a case of meningitis caused by Hemophilus influenzae type-b in an immunocompetent 41-year-old Saudi lady. The patient was successfully treated with Ceftriaxone for 10 days. A review of Hemophilus influenzae meningitis in adults and the impact of conjugated vaccine on the epidemiology of the disease are given.