Effect of brown adipose tissue activation on myocardial fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose uptake.

The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between brown adipose tissue (BAT) activation and myocardial fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose ([F] FDG) uptake in terms of intensity and patterns. The patients were divided into two groups as follows: BAT and control groups. The BAT group consists of 34 cases that showed BAT uptake.

Assessing oral glucose and intravenous insulin loading protocol in F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography cardiac viability studies.

Oral glucose and intravenous insulin (G/I) loading protocols are commonly used in F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) cardiac viability studies. Although the amount of insulin to be given per blood glucose range has been well described in guidelines, the amount of glucose to be given is not detailed well. In this retrospective study, we aimed to assess if certain parameters, particularly the amount of glucose and insulin given, may affect F-FDG uptake in the hibernating myocardium and also determine the problems with this protocol.

The added value of SPECT-CT in the detection of heterotopic ossification on bone scintigraphy.

Purpose: Heterotopic ossification (HO) is the abnormal osteogenesis in non-skeletal tissue. It can be difficult to detect, as it can mimic other conditions clinically and on imaging studies. The purpose of this study was to find the added value of SPECT-CT in accurate detection of HO.

Effect of Causative Micro-organisms on Patterns of Labeled White Blood Cells in Osteomyelitis.

Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of microbiological characteristics of causative organisms on the scintigraphic patterns of labeled-white blood cells (WBC) scan in cases of proven osteomyelitis.

Materials And Methods: Retrospective analysis of 25 patients referred with suspected osteomyelitis and had both bone and labeled-WBC scans performed and complete records of the microbiological culture of the causative organism. The bone and labeled-WBC scans were retrieved and reviewed by two nuclear medicine physicians.

Effect of Verapamil on Kidney Function Using Radionuclide Imaging.

Background And Objective: Calcium channel blockers (CCBs) are among the most widely used prescribed drugs for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. The present study investigates the effect of verapamil, which is most commonly used as a CCB, on kidney function using radionuclide imaging.

Methods: Ten New Zealand white rabbits were used in vitro (4) and in vivo (6) studies.

Prostate-specific antigen cutoff value for ordering sodium fluoride positron emission tomography/computed tomography bone scan in patients with prostate cancer.

The use of F-18 sodium fluoride (NaF) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) bone scan is increasing because of its higher sensitivity and specificity over standard bone scintigraphy (BS). Studies previously reported a prostate-specific antigen (PSA) cutoff value for ordering standard BS. However, this has not been determined for NaF PET yet.

Current Status of F-FDG PET Brain Imaging in Patients with Dementia.

F-FDG PET brain imaging is commonly used in the early detection and differential diagnosis of various subtypes of dementias. F-FDG PET images are mainly evaluated visually, and semiquantitative analysis programs are also commonly used in many centers. However, visual and semiquantitative analysis carry certain limitations.

Gallbladder activity on sodium fluoride positron emission tomography/computed tomography bone scan.

We incidentally identified gallbladder activity on F sodium fluoride (NaF) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) bone images in five patients. Variable degree of bowel activity is usually seen on NaF PET/CT images, and its mechanism is unknown. Gallbladder activity in our cases may indicate that hepatobiliary excretion of the F NaF is the reason for bowel activity on NaF PET/CT images.

Can Gallium-68 Prostate-specific Membrane Antigen Ligand be a Potential Radiotracer for Renal Cortical Positron Emission Tomography Imaging?

Gallium-68 prostate-specific membrane antigen (Ga-68 PSMA) ligand (HBED-CC) is a new promising positron emission tomography (PET) tracer for prostate cancer. Intense renal parenchymal uptake is a physiologic finding on Ga-68 PSMA ligand PET images. Evaluation of kidneys in low intensity demonstrates excellent distribution of this radiotracer in renal parenchyma with excellent image quality and resolution.

Can Ga-DOTA Peptides Be Potential Radiotracers for PET Imaging of the Spleen?

On radionuclide somatostatin receptor imaging studies, the spleen shows high physiologic uptake. Reducing the intensity of the image settings helps to better assess the distribution of radiotracer in the spleen. In our routine studies, we incidentally recognized that Ga-DOTANOC PET provides higher-resolution splenic images than In-octreotide SPECT.

Myocardial perfusion abnormalities in asymptomatic type 2 diabetic patients.

Objective: The prevalence of coronary artery disease (CAD) is high in patients with diabetes. Because ischemia and infarction are often silent in diabetic patients, diagnosis of CAD occurs inevitably late. It is essential to identify the presence of CAD in diabetic patients to start early treatment.

The efficacy of the available peptide receptor radionuclide therapy for neuroendocrine tumors: a meta-analysis.

Aim: This study was carried out to compare the efficacy of Y, Lu, and combination of both radiotracers (tandem) peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) in patients with inoperable and metastatic neuroendocrine tumors.

Materials And Methods: Systematic searches of PubMed and SciVerse Scopus databases were performed till December of 2016. The data were categorized into three groups: Y-PRRT, Lu-PRRT, and tandem-PRRT.

Scintigraphic Patterns of Indium-111 Oxine-Labeled White Blood Cell Imaging of Gram-Negative versus Gram-Positive Vertebral Osteomyelitis.

Objective: The goal of the study was to investigate whether or not gram-negative organisms that secrete antichemotactic factors cause the nonaccumulation pattern of 111In-oxine-labeled white blood cell (111In-WBC) scans.

Materials And Methods: Staphylococcus aureus (gram-positive) (group 1) was injected into 25 rabbits and Escherichia coli (gram-negative) (group 2) into another 25 to induce infection in the lumbar vertebrae or left thigh bone (femur). Sixteen successfully infected and surviving rabbits from each group were used for imaging and analysis.

Normal bone and soft tissue distribution of fluorine-18-sodium fluoride and artifacts on 18F-NaF PET/CT bone scan: a pictorial review.

Fluorine-18-sodium fluoride (F-NaF) PET/CT is a relatively new and high-resolution bone imaging modality. Since the use of F-NaF PET/CT has been increasing, it is important to accurately assess the images and be aware of normal distribution and major artifacts. In this pictorial review article, we will describe the normal uptake patterns of F-NaF in the bone tissues, particularly in complex structures, as well as its physiologic soft tissue distribution and certain artifacts seen on F-NaF PET/CT images.

Ultrastructure of Hyperfunctioning Parathyroid Glands: Does it Explain Various Patterns of Tc-sestamibi Uptake.

The aim of this study was to correlate the uptake of Tc-methoxy-isobutyl-isonitrile (MIBI) with ultra-structural features of parathyroid adenomas. Twenty patients with proven primary hyperparathyroidism were evaluated prospectively. Preoperative double-phase Tc-MIBI scintigraphy was performed in all patients and the degree of tracer uptake by the parathyroid lesions was assessed visually and semi-quantitatively.

Structure and Activities of Nuclear Medicine in Kuwait.

The practice of nuclear medicine in Kuwait began in 1965 as a clinic for treating thyroid diseases. The practice developed gradually and until 1981 when the Faculty of Medicine established the Division of Nuclear Medicine in the Department of Radiology, which later became a separate department responsible for establishing and managing the practice in all hospitals of Kuwait. In 1987, a nuclear medicine residency program was begun and it is administered by Kuwait Institute for Medical Specializations originally as a 4-year but currently as a 5-year program.

Value of Oblique View in Nodular Thyroid Disease; Revisiting Fundamentals.

Thyroid scintigraphy plays an important role in the anatomical and functional evaluation of thyroid nodules which carry the risk of malignancy. The presence of multiple nodules carries overall smaller risk of cancer than solitary nodule. Missing nodules, whether solitary or multiple, may mean delaying detection of possible cancer.

Effect of the NSAID diclofenac on 99mTc-MAG3 and 99mTc-DTPA renography.

Unlabelled: Renal function and disease are commonly evaluated by radionuclide studies. The choice of radiopharmaceutical agent for various studies is crucial for proper interpretation. (99m)Tc-mercaptoacetyltriglycine ((99m)Tc-MAG3) is excreted almost exclusively by the renal tubules, whereas (99m)Tc-diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid ((99m)Tc-DTPA) is predominantly excreted by glomerular filtration.

Comparison of pinhole and high-resolution parallel-hole imaging for nodular thyroid disease.

Introduction And Objective: Pinhole has been the main standard collimator to be used for thyroid imaging. There has been a gradually increasing trend to replace pinhole with the use of high-resolution low-energy parallel-hole collimator with zoom in thyroid imaging. The objective of this study is to compare parallel-hole collimator acquisition of thyroid gland with that obtained by pinhole collimator to find the effect on the diagnostic information in nodular thyroid disease.

Impact of obesity on nuclear medicine imaging.

Obesity, with its alarming increase among adults and children, represents a significant health problem with serious medical, social, psychologic, and economic reverberations. The burden of this problem significantly affects the medical care system, including medical imaging. The effect of obesity on nuclear medicine imaging spans many aspects, from preimaging patient preparation to radiotracer administration, image acquisition, and image interpretation.

Baseline patterns of bone scintigraphy in patients with established post-poliomyelitis paralysis.

Introduction: Post-poliomyelitis syndrome causes variable musculoskeletal manifestations including pain, muscle weakness and fatigue. These manifestations are commonly secondary to overuse and misuse of muscles and joints and could follow a fall. Bone scan can be useful in determining the underlying cause and follow-up.

Regional cerebral blood flow in patients with sickle cell disease: study with single photon emission computed tomography.

Objective: Neurological complications have been reported in patients with sickle-cell disease (SCD) using positron emission tomography (PET), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and computed tomography (CT), but not with single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). The objective of this study was to investigate brain perfusion in the patients with SCD using SPECT after technetium-99m hexamethylpropylene amine oxime (99mTc-HMPAO), was administered and compare the findings with those of demography, physical examination, MRI and hematological profile.

Methods: The study involved 21 patients (12 males, 9 females, age at study 8-45 years) who were known to be having SCD for a duration of at least 5 years.

Influence of hyperthermia on carotid blood flow using 99mTc-HMPAO.

Hyperthermia can be the result of many causes such as environmental conditions, brain tumors and infectious diseases. Since hyperthermia is very common, its role in causing stroke through a decrease in cerebral blood flow needed further emphasis. The aim of this study was to record cerebral blood flow in vitro by using isolated rabbit carotid artery strips and in-vivo using radioactive isotope scanning during temperature elevation.