Effect of manganese doping on structural, optical, morphological, and dielectric properties of Ba(TiMn)O lead-free ceramics for energy storage in supercapacitors.

A supercapacitor (SC) is considered to be one of the best energy storage devices due to its high-power density, long lifespan, fast charge storage capability, and eco-friendliness. Ceramics with low-cost, nontoxic, high efficiency, and stability are the suitable and promising materials for performed supercapacitors at room temperature. As proposal, we synthesized by sol-gel method the ceramics Ba(TiMn)O (where x = 0, 1, 2, or 3%) to study the effect a low rate of manganese doping on their morphological, structural, dielectric, and optical properties.