Health risk assessment and contamination of lead and cadmium levels in sediments of the northwestern Arabian Gulf coast.

This environmental assessment focuses on the coastal sediments of the Al-Khafji area in the Saudi Arabian Gulf, with an analysis of the human health risks posed by lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) contamination. Single and integrated indices were used to detect contamination and evaluate these metals' non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic impacts on adults and children through ingestion, dermal contact, and inhalation pathways. Sediment quality guidelines and contamination indices indicated the absence of significant contamination levels.

GIS- and Multivariate-Based Approaches for Assessing Potential Environmental Hazards in Some Areas of Southwestern Saudi Arabia.

Soil contamination is a major issue that endangers the ecology in most countries. Total concentrations of As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, VFe, and Zn were determined by analyzing soil samples from 32 surface soil samples in southwest Saudi Arabia, including certain areas of Al-Baha. Kriging techniques were used to create maps of the distribution of metal.

Distribution, Source, and Contamination of Heavy Metals in Coastal Sediments of Jeddah, Red Sea, Saudi Arabia.

The study investigates heavy metal (HM) contamination in coastal sediments of Jeddah along Red Sea coast, analyzing spatial distribution and sources. 24 samples underwent (ICP-AES) for Fe, Al, Mn, Ni, Pb, Zn, Cu, Cr, Co, Sr, V, and As. HM averages followed Fe ˃ Al ˃ Sr ˃ Mn ˃ Zn ˃ V ˃ Cu ˃ Ni ˃ Cr ˃ As ˃ Co ˃ Pb.

Evaluation of sediment quality for heavy metal(loid)s contamination and health risk assessment in the Gulf of Suez, Egypt.

The Gulf of Suez faces challenges related to contamination, primarily due to industrial, tourism, and shipping activities along its shores. This study aims to record the distribution, concentration, and potential environmental and health risk impacts of heavy metal(loid)s (HMs) in 30 surface sediment samples collected from Ras Sidr coastline, Gulf of Suez. Various contamination and health indices were employed for this study.

Potential contamination and health risk assessment of heavy metals in Hurghada coastal sediments, Northwestern Red Sea.

Throughout the year, people flock to the Red Sea's shoreline for tourism and fishing. The current study aims to document heavy metal contamination and human health assessment in 30 surface sediment samples collected along the Hurghada shoreline in Egypt. To estimate sediment contamination, the pollution index (PI), pollution load index (PLI), degree of contamination (Cdeg), and Nemerow integrated pollution index (NIPI) were calculated, while the chronic daily intake (CDI), hazard index (HI), cancer risk (CR), and total lifetime cancer risk (LCR) were determined on both adults and children via ingestion, dermal, and inhalation pathways.

Assessment of human health risks of toxic elements in coastal area between Al-Khafji and Al-Jubail, Saudi Arabia.

The present work aims to document the distribution of toxic elements (TEs) and assess the human health risk posed by the TEs in the marine sediment of the Arabian Gulf, Saudi Arabia. The descending order of TE averages (μg/g) was as follows: Ni > Cr > V > Zn > Pb > Cu > As > Co. Based on the enrichment factor values, only minor enrichment for Pb, As, Cr, and Ni was noted.

Contamination and health risk assessment of groundwater along the Red Sea coast, Northwest Saudi Arabia.

Coastal groundwater is the major source of freshwater in coastal areas, due to shortage of the water resource in coastal zones. Groundwater samples were collected from 48 sites along the Saudi Red Sea coast between Rabigh and Yanbu to document the hydrogeochemical characteristics, water quality, and the health risks of nitrate, fluoride, nickel, copper, and zinc on adults and children. Groundwater chemistry indicated neutral to slightly alkaline nature, and the total dissolved salts (TDS) concentrations mainly increase towards the coastal plain.

Ecological and health risk assessment of heavy metals contamination in mangrove sediments, Red Sea coast.

Due to the significance of mangroves for the diversity of marine and terrestrial life along the Red Sea coast, the present work aimed to evaluate the environmental and health risk of heavy metals in Wadi el-Gemal sediments. The findings of single and integrated indices demonstrated no significant pollution with Fe, Cu, Zn, Ni, Co, and Cd, while the sediments showed severe and minor enrichment with Mn and Cd, respectively, which might be attributed to the presence of some mining activities in the mountains near the study area. The possible carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks due to their dermal absorption from the sediments were analyzed and the findings demonstrated that the non-carcinogenic health hazards were within tolerable and safe limits.

Quality and groundwater contamination of Wadi Hanifa, central Saudi Arabia.

In arid and semi-arid regions, freshwater is mainly acquired from groundwater. Over the years, human activities have reduced the latter's quality, making it a threat to health. Heavy metal pollution index (HPI), metal index (MI), groundwater quality index (GWQI), sodium absorption ratio (SAR), magnesium ratio (MR), Kelly's ratio (KR), and sodium percentage (Na%) were applied as pollution parameters and indices in assessing the groundwater's suitability for irrigation and drinking purposes in Wadi Hanifa in Saudi Arabia.

Heavy metal pollution in surface sediments and human health assessment in southern Al-Khobar coast, Saudi Arabia.

Surface sediment samples from twenty-nine stations in south Al-Khobar coastline, Arabian Gulf, have been examined to assess the heavy metal contamination and impact on human health through dermal contact. The content in Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb, Fe, Mn, Co, Hg and Ni, was evaluated. Pollution index, modified degree of contamination, and pollution load index agreed to exclude heavy metal pollution.

Contamination and health risk assessment of arsenic and chromium in coastal sediments of Al-Khobar area, Arabian Gulf, Saudi Arabia.

The contamination and health risks by arsenic and chromium in the Al-Khobar coastal area, Arabian Gulf, have been assessed by examining 29 samples of surface sediment. Several single and complex indices were accounted to assess contamination, while the chronic daily intake (CDI), the hazard index (HI) and the total lifetime cancer risk (LCR) were applied to assess human health. The studied sediments showed absence or low level of As and Cr contamination.

Contamination and ecological risk of heavy metals in Al-Uqair coastal sediments, Saudi Arabia.

The level of heavy metal contamination and ecological risk, as well as the sources of contamination, of 35 sediments from the Al-Uqair coast, Saudi Arabia, were determined via inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The average concentrations (dry weight) were highest for Fe (8091.51 μg/g), followed by Al (1816.

Spatial distribution and risk assessment of heavy metals pollution in soils of marine origin in central Saudi Arabia.

The present work aimed to evaluate the sources and ecological risks of heavy metal (HM) contamination in the soils of marine origin in central Saudi Arabia. HM concentrations were determined in 30 soil samples in October 2020, from Al Uyaynah-Al Jubailah region and their averages were in the following order: Al > Fe > Zn > Cr > Pb > Ni > As > Cu > Se > Cd > Hg > Sb. Average values of Zn, Ni, Co, Cr, and Cu in the investigated soils were less than averages of the continental crust, worldwide soils, and European soils, in contrast to the average values of As, Hg, Cd, and Se which were greater than the continental crust and worldwide soils.

Evaluation of groundwater quality in central Saudi Arabia using hydrogeochemical characteristics and pollution indices.

The groundwater quality and heavy metal (HM) contamination were evaluated in palm farms, central Saudi Arabia, using pollution indices, irrigation quality parameters, and multivariate statistical analyses. Thirty groundwater samples were collected in October 2020 for major anions, cations, and HMs analyses and interpretation. The results showed that the average concentrations of total dissolved solids (TDS), Ca, Na, K, Cl, SO, and F were greater than the permissible limits of the WHO standards for drinking water.

Benthic Foraminifera as Bio-indicators of Coastal Marine Environmental Contamination in the Red Sea-Gulf of Aqaba, Saudi Arabia.

To assess heavy metals contamination in shallow marine environments using benthic foraminifera as bio-indicators. Forty-six species of foraminifera were found in 33 benthic samples from the Saudi Arabian coast of the Red Sea-Gulf of Aqaba. Forty-six species belonging to 27 genera and 10 families under the Textularina, Rotalina, and Miliolina suborders were recorded in the study area.

Influence of seawater intrusion and heavy metals contamination on groundwater quality, Red Sea coast, Saudi Arabia.

Groundwater samples were collected from 115 boreholes and dugwells to document the influence of seawater intrusion and heavy metals contamination on groundwater quality of the Al Qunfudhah region along the Red Sea coast, Saudi Arabia. The groundwater quality index (GWQI), metal index (MI), and heavy metal pollution index (HPI) were calculated and multivariate analyses were conducted. pH, EC, TDS, Cl, HCO, SO, NO, NO, PO, SiO, F, NH, Ca, Mg, Na, K, B, Ba, Cd, Cr, As, Ni, Pb, Se, Sb, Hg, Cu, and Zn were analyzed and interpreted.

Pollution assessment of the Red Sea-Gulf of Aqaba seawater, northwest Saudi Arabia.

The water pollution index (PIj), degree of contamination (C), heavy metal pollution index (HPI), and statistical analyses were used to assess seawater pollution and identify the possible sources of heavy metals from the Red Sea-Gulf of Aqaba coastline, northwest Saudi Arabia. Concentrations of Cr, Sb, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, As, Fe, Mn, Hg, and Pb were analyzed and interpreted in 33 surface seawaters samples. The mean heavy metals of seawater were in the following order: Zn (5.

Evaluation of heavy metal contamination and groundwater quality along the Red Sea coast, southern Saudi Arabia.

To evaluate the heavy metal contamination and groundwater quality in southern Saudi Arabia, 105 groundwater samples were analyzed for EC, pH, TDS, major ions (NO, Cl, HCO, SO, F, Ca, Mg, Na, and K), and heavy metals (Fe, Li, As, B, Al, Cr, Cu, Mo, Ni, Se, Sr, V, Zn, and Mn). Groundwater quality index (GWQI), degree of contamination (C), heavy metal pollution index (HPI), ecological risks of heavy metals (ERI), salinity hazard (EC), sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), sodium percentage (Na%), and Kelly's ratio (KR) were calculated and compared, and multivariate statistical techniques were applied. The results revealed that the major cations and anions followed the orders of Na > Ca > Mg > K and Cl > SO > HCO > NO > F, respectively.

Evaluation of coastal sediments for heavy metal contamination, Yanbu area, Red Sea coast, Saudi Arabia.

To evaluate the heavy metal contamination, ecological risk and possible sources at Saudi Yanbu coastline, 30 sediment samples were collected for Fe, Pb, Ni, As, Zn, Cu, Cr, Co, Al, Sb, Cd, and TOC analyses using ICP-MS. The potential ecological risk index (PERI), enrichment factor (EF), contamination factor (CF), potential contamination index (Cp), geoaccumulation index (Igeo), soil pollution index (SPI) were calculated and interpreted, and multivariate analyses were applied. The results indicated the following order for metal averages: Al (8573 μg/g) > Fe (5895 μg/g) > Mn (192 μg/g) > Zn (80.

Distribution, source, contamination, and ecological risk status of heavy metals in the Red Sea-Gulf of Aqaba coastal sediments, Saudi Arabia.

To investigate the distribution, source, contamination, and ecological risk status of heavy metals in the Red Sea-Gulf of Aqaba coast, Saudi Arabia, 33 surface sediment samples were collected for Fe, Zn, Sb, Co, Cu, Hg, Pb, Mn, Cr, Ni, Cd, As, and TOC analysis using ICP-MS. Three single and three multi-element contamination indices were used to assess the sediment quality. Evaluation of the three single pollution indices suggested some contamination or anthropogenic inputs with Cu, Cd, Hg, and, to a great extent, As.

Distribution and metal contamination in core sediments from the North Al-Wajh area, Red Sea, Saudi Arabia.

Forty-one bottom sediment samples were collected from three cores at the mouth of Wadi Haramel, Wadi Antar, Wadi Dumaygh, north of Al-Wajh, Red Sea, Saudi Arabia, to evaluate the levels of heavy metal contamination, using the enrichment factor (EF), geoaccumulation index (Igeo), contamination factor (Cf), soil pollution index (SPI), and multivariate statistical analysis (hierarchical cluster analysis and principal component analysis). Fe, Al, Pb, Mn, Cu, Ni, Co, Cd, Sr, V, Hg, and Total Organic Matter (TOM%) were quantified by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. The vertical distribution of the heavy metals concentrations increased upwards indicating high heavy metals input.

Contamination and ecological risk assessment of the Red Sea coastal sediments, southwest Saudi Arabia.

The level of heavy metals (HMs) in coastal sediments has attracted the environmental researchers due to their persistence, abundance, biomagnification and toxicity. The present study was conducted to assess the contamination and ecological risk assessment of HMs in Jazan coastal sediments, Red Sea, Saudi Arabia utilizing pollution indices and multivariate statistical analyses. A total of 32 surface samples were collected for Cu, Sb, Zn, Cr, Cd, Pb, Fe, Co, Ni, Al, and total organic matter analysis using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer.

Contamination and ecological risk assessment of heavy metals pollution from the Shalateen coastal sediments, Red Sea, Egypt.

To assess the contamination and ecological risk assessment of the Shalateen coastal sediments, Red Sea, Egypt, 35 samples were collected to analyze Cu, Sr, Zn, Cd, Pb, Fe, Co, Ni, Mn, and total organic matter with an atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Several indices were calculated to estimate the contamination levels. The results indicated the following order of metal concentrations: Fe > Sr > Mn > Zn > Ni > Pb > Cu > Co > Cd, and revealed that the investigated sediments are highly enriched and contaminated with Sr, Cd, Pb and Zn.

Assessment of seawater pollution of the Al-Khafji coastal area, Arabian Gulf, Saudi Arabia.

Twenty-seven coastal seawater samples were collected to assess seawater pollution and document the possible sources at Al-Khafji coastal area, Arabian Gulf, Saudi Arabia. Al, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Sr, Cd, Hg, and Pb were analyzed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICP-MS). The results revealed the following order of concentration: Sr > Ni > V > Cu > As > Zn > Al > Fe > Cr > Mn > Pb > Co > Cd > Hg.

Spatial distribution and ecological risk assessment of the coastal surface sediments from the Red Sea, northwest Saudi Arabia.

To assess the spatial distribution and ecological risk assessment along the Red Sea coast, Saudi Arabia, 30 samples were collected for aluminum, chromium, copper, zinc, cadmium, lead, mercury, iron, cobalt, nickel and organic matter analysis. The descending order of metal concentrations was Al > Fe > Cr > Cu > Zn > Ni > Co > Pb > Hg > Cd. Average values of enrichment factor of Hg, Cd, Cu, Co, Cr, Ni, Pb and Zn were higher than 2 (209.