Drug Self-Aggregation into Nano-Entities Has the Potential to Induce Immune Responses.

The free-state solution behaviors of small molecules profoundly affect their respective properties. It is becoming more obvious that compounds can adopt a three-phase equilibrium when placed in an aqueous solution, among soluble-lone molecule form, self-assembled aggregate form (nano-entities), and solid precipitate form. Recently, correlations have emerged between the existence of self-assemblies into drug nano-entities and unintended side effects.

Interaction between iron oxide nanoparticles (IONs) and primary human immune cells: An up-to-date review of the literature.

Nanotechnology has been gaining more and more momentum lately and the potential use of nanomaterials such as nanoparticles (NPs) continues to grow in a variety of activity sectors. Among the NPs, iron oxide nanoparticles (IONs) have retained an increasing interest from the scientific community and industrials due to their superparamagnetic properties allowing their use in many fields, including medicine. However, some undesired effects of IONs and potential risk for human health are becoming increasingly reported in several studies.

Impact of ultra-small silver nanoparticles of 2 nm (AgNP) on neutrophil biology: AgNP alter the actin cytoskeleton and induce karyorrhexis by a mitogen-activated protein kinase-dependent mechanism in vitro and transitorily attract neutrophils in vivo.

Silver (Ag) is known as an antibacterial agent and there is a growing interest to use silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in a variety of medical applications and other sectors. Some studies reported that one of the undesired effects of AgNPs is inflammation and that these NPs can alter the biology of neutrophils. Since it is commonly accepted that the more NPs are small, the more toxic they are the aim of this study was to determine the impact of ultra-small silver nanoparticles of 2 nm (AgNP) on the biology of neutrophils, key player cells in inflammation.

Interaction between iron oxide nanoparticles (FeO NPs) and human neutrophils: Evidence that FeO NPs possess some pro-inflammatory activities.

Iron oxide nanoparticles (FeO NPs) are important for different medical applications. However, potential toxicity has been reported and several parameters must still be studied to reach highest therapeutic efficacy with minimal undesired effects. Inflammation is one of the most reported undesired effects of NP exposure in a variety of inflammatory models and conflicting data exist regarding whether FeO NPs possess pro- or anti-inflammatory activities.

Evaluating the Apoptotic Cell Death Modulatory Activity of Nanoparticles in Men and Women Neutrophils and Eosinophils.

Apoptosis is an important cell death mechanism for the resolution of inflammation. Neutrophil spontaneous apoptosis rates were reported to be slightly different in men and women and to be modulated by female sex hormones. The aim of this study was to determine whether different nanoparticles (NPs) will alter the neutrophil and eosinophil apoptotic rates differently in men and women.