Recurrent urethral obstruction secondary to large vulval inclusion cyst: a remote complication of female genital mutilation: a case report.

Background: Female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C) is a major public health problem, particularly in developing countries.

Case Presentation: The authors reported a case of 48-year old multiparous woman presented to Kassala Hospital, east Sudan, with recurrent urine retention resulting from urethral obstruction, which was caused by large vulval inclusion cyst. A traditional birth attendant circumcised her when she was 5 year old.

Outcome of pregnancy in women with splenomegaly.

Background: The spleen is a lymphopoietic organ, contains almost one quarter of the body's lymphocytes.

Method: This was a prospective cross sectional study, carried out at Kassala hospital, Sudan between 1st of May 2019 to 30th of April 2020. The objective of this study was to investigate the outcome of pregnancy in women with splenomegaly.

Maternal and perinatal outcomes during a Chikungunya outbreak in Kassala, eastern Sudan.

Background: Arboviruses (dengue, Zika, and chikungunya) have recently emerged as an important public health issue and can lead to adverse obstetrics outcomes. The current study was conducted to assess maternal and perinatal outcomes following chikungunya fever/infection and to compare adverse pregnancy outcomes with data from the community collected in a previous study.

Methods: This study was performed during a chikungunya infection epidemic in Kassala, Sudan by recruiting all pregnant women with a confirmed chikungunya fever diagnosis by using antibodies/detection viral RNA using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction.

Seroprevelence of rubella among children suspected of having measles in Gadarif Hospital, Eastern Sudan.

While generally mild in children, rubella infection during pregnancy can lead to miscarriage, foetal death or congenital rubella syndrome. Rubella vaccination is not yet available as a part of routine immunisation in Sudan, and the burden of infection is unknown. Using the clinical case definition adopted by the World Health Organisation, a total of 123 children suspected of having of measles were enrolled in this study during January-December 2017 in Gadarif Hospital, Eastern Sudan.

Assessment of Bottle-Feeding Practices in Kassala, Eastern Sudan: A Community-Based Study.

Background: The World Health Organization encourages exclusive breastfeeding up to six months and avoidance of bottle-feeding. There are few published research articles on the practice of bottle-feeding and associated factors in Sudan.

Aim: The study aimed to assess the usage and factors associated with bottle-feeding practices during the first six months of life among mothers with children aged between 6 and 24 months in Kassala, Eastern Sudan.

High rate of uterine rupture in a conflict setting of Hajjah, Yemen.

A descriptive study was conducted to investigate the epidemiology and the outcome of uterine rupture at Hajjah Hospital, Yemen, during September 2014-August 2016. There were 110 cases of ruptured uterus and 3457 deliveries (31.8 per 1000 delivery).

Epidemiology of visceral leishmaniasis among children in Gadarif hospital, eastern Sudan.

Background: Since 1900s, visceral leishmaniasis (VL) has been among the most important health problems in Sudan, particularly in the endemic areas such as eastern and central regions.

Methods: This was a cross sectional, hospital-based study conducted from 1 January 2015 to 31 December 2015 to investigate the epidemiological factors of VL in Gadarif hospital, eastern Sudan.

Results: During the study period there were 47 identified children with VL among 145 suspected cases.

Trend in cumulative cases and mortality rate among visceral leishmaniasis patients in Eastern Sudan: a 14-year registry, 2002-2015.

Background: Leishmaniasis is one of the neglected infectious diseases of the world. This disease largely affects individuals of low socio-economic level, mainly in developing countries.

Methods: The aim of this study was to investigate the cumulative number of cases, case fatality rate, and trend in incidence and mortality rate of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in Eastern Sudan.

Human immune deficiency virus (HIV) infection during pregnancy at Gadarif hospital, Eastern Sudan.

This was a prospective study conducted on all pregnant and parturient women attending Gadarif Maternity Hospital, Sudan from January 2009 to December 2013 to investigate the maternal characteristics, pregnancy outcomes and estimate of maternal to child transmission of HIV among HIV infected women. During the study period, there were 26 HIV positive mothers among 6420 tested women yielding an incidence rate of 0.4%.

Concept of defensive medicine and litigation among Sudanese doctors working in obstetrics and gynecology.

Background: Obstetrics and gynaecology always has reputation for being a highly litigious. The field of obstetrics and gynaecology is surrounded by different circumstances that stimulate the doctors to practice defensive medicine.

Methods: This study was directed to assess the extent and the possible effect of defensive medicine phenomenon (in term of knowledge and prevalence) on medical decision making among different grades of obstetric and gynaecologic Sudanese doctors, and to determine any experience of medical litigations with respect to sources and factors associated with it (in term of area of work, characteristics of the area at which the doctors worked, professionalism, hospitals systems…ect).

Ovarian Cancer During Pregnancy: A Case Report and Literature Review.

Ovarian cancer during pregnancy is a rare event. Little is known about the treatment of this condition due to lack of prospective randomized trials and cohort studies. In this paper the authors reported a rare case of small cells ovarian cancer, diagnosed at 16 weeks of gestation, treated with conservative surgery at 18 weeks and chemotherapy.

Domestic violence against women in Eastern Sudan.

Background: Violence against women is one of the major public health problems in both developed and developing worlds. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of current (occurred in one year preceding the survey) domestic violence and socio-demographic factors associated with domestic violence against women.

Methods: This was a cross sectional household survey (face to face interview) conducted in Kassala, eastern Sudan, from 1(st) March to 1(st) June 2014.

Correlation of measles and dengue infection in Kassala, Eastern Sudan.

Using the clinical case definition adopted by the World Health Organization, a total of 275 suspected cases of measles were enrolled in this study during January-March 2012 in Kassala Teaching Hospital, Eastern Sudan. Various clinical manifestations (fever, headache, cough, coryza, conjunctivitis, skin rash, vomiting, diarrhoea, convulsion, and hemorrhagic manifestations) were reported among these patients. Blood was withdrawn from the first 64 (23.

Blunt abdominal trauma to a pregnant woman resulting in a child with hemiplegic spastic cerebral palsy and permanent eye damage.

Background: In today's life trauma is a common and important complication of pregnancy and remains one of the major contributors to maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality.

Case Presentation: The authors reported a case of 4 years old child with hemiplegic spastic cerebral palsy and permanent left eye damage due to antenatal trauma. He was an off spring to a 33 years old woman gravida 6 para 5 from western Sudan, who sustained a domestic blunt abdominal trauma during her routine daily activities.

Acute-phase proteins in pregnant Sudanese women with severe Plasmodium falciparum malaria.

A case-control study was carried out in Kassala and Medani Maternity Hospitals in Sudan to investigate acute-phase proteins [haptoglobin, C-reactive protein (CRP), ferritin and albumin] in three groups of pregnant women (32 in each arm) comprising those with severe Plasmodium falciparum malaria or uncomplicated P. falciparum malaria and healthy controls. Whilst there was no significant difference in the levels of albumin and haptoglobin, ferritin and CRP levels were significantly higher in pregnant women with severe P.

Clinical presentation and epidemiology of female genital tuberculosis in eastern Sudan.

Objective: To describe the epidemiology and clinical presentation of female genital tuberculosis (FGTB) among women in eastern Sudan.

Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted at Kassala Maternity Hospital, Sudan, from January 1 to December 31, 2010.

Results: Of the 2778 women presenting with various gynecologic symptoms, 44 suspected cases of FGTB were identified.

Diagnosis of ruptured ectopic pregnancy is still a challenge in Eastern Sudan.

This was a cross sectional prospective study carried out in Kassala Maternity Hospital, Eastern Sudan (2008-2011) to investigate the incidence rate and factors associated with delayed presentation in ruptured ectopic pregnancy. The total number of deliveries during the study period was 9578. The total number of ectopic pregnancy was 199 yielding an incidence rate of (1 in 48 deliveries or 20.

Anaemia among adults in Kassala, Eastern Sudan.

Background: The increased heterogeneity in the distribution of social and biological risk factors makes the epidemiology of anaemia a real challenge. A cross-sectional study was conducted at Kassala, Eastern Sudan during the period of January-March 2011 to investigate the prevalence and predictors of anaemia among adults (> 15 years old).

Findings: Out of 646, 234 (36.

Provider-initiated HIV testing and counseling among tuberculosis patients in Kassala, Eastern Sudan.

Because of the overlapping global incidence of tuberculosis (TB) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections, collaborative efforts are required for successful TB and HIV control programs. The current study was conducted at Kassala Hospital in Eastern Sudan and investigated the implementation of provider-initiated HIV testing and counseling (PITC) for patients infected with TB. Using a cross-sectional study design, patients who had been recently diagnosed with TB between January and December 2010 were consecutively enrolled.

Severe anaemia is associated with a higher risk for preeclampsia and poor perinatal outcomes in Kassala hospital, eastern Sudan.

Background: Anaemia during pregnancy is major health problem. There is conflicting literature regarding the association between anaemia and its severity and maternal and perinatal outcomes.

Methods: This is a retrospective case-control study conducted at Kassala hospital, eastern Sudan.