Bacillus subtilis-derived-exopolysaccharide halts depigmentation and autoimmunity in vitiligo.

Vitiligo has a complex multifactorial etiology involving a T-cell mediated autoimmune response to cutaneous melanocytes. Microbial dysbiosis has been assigned a contributing role in vitiligo etiology. Treating vitiligo can be a challenging task and finding novel treatment approaches is crucial.

Atrophic facial acne scars; bilateral comparison of two microneedle devices.

Microneedling is a minimally invasive procedure using fine needles to puncture the skin.The aim of this study is to compare the clinical efficacy as well as the histological effects of dermaroller versus dermapen in the management of post-acne atrophic scars.The study was conducted on 10 patients with post-acne atrophic scars.

Roles of and Genes Expression in Cytogenetically Normal Acute Myeloid Leukemia.

Background: Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) has a heterogeneous molecular profile, clinical presentations, and response to treatments and outcomes. DNA methylation is conducted by DNA methyltransferases including DNMT3B. Poly ADP-ribose polymerase 1 belongs to a family of enzymes that mediate important cellular processes including DNA repair, transcription, and cell death/cell proliferation, and it is involved in the development, spread, treatment, and prognosis of some cancers.

Role of interleukin 6 polymorphism and inflammatory markers in outcome of pediatric Covid- 19 patients.

Background: IL-6 polymorphisms were associated to viral infection outcomes through affection of IL-6 production and it is an early indicator of tissue injury and systemic inflammatory response. The study aimed to determine whether genetic IL-6 polymorphisms, serum interleukin-6 level and inflammatory markers (Presepsin, CXCL-10, C3, and C4) are associated with the prediction of disease severity in pediatric COVID-19 patients and its possible use as a prognostic tool in pediatric patients admitted to hospital.

Methods: This prospective cohort study was conducted on 150 children with COVID-19.

Nutritional status and extended metabolic screening in Egyptian children with uncomplicated type 1 diabetes.

Nutritional status assessment, including amino acids, carnitine, and acylcarnitine profile, is an important component of diabetes care management, influencing growth and metabolic regulation. A designed case-control research included 100 Egyptian participants (50 T1DM and 50 healthy controls) aged 6 to 18 years old. The participants' nutritional status was assessed using the Body Mass Index (BMI) Z-score.

The deleterious effects of sofosbuvir and ribavirin (antiviral drugs against hepatitis C virus) on different body systems in male albino rats regarding reproductive, hematological, biochemical, hepatic, and renal profiles and histopathological changes.

Sofosbuvir is one of the crucial drugs used in the treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) in adults and children with compensated liver disease, including cirrhosis. It may be used alone or with other drugs. Ribavirin is an antiviral medication used to treat HCV infection.

Topical antibiotics limit depigmentation in a mouse model of vitiligo.

Oral neomycin administration impacts the gut microbiome and delays vitiligo development in mice, and topical antibiotics may likewise allow the microbiome to preserve skin health and delay depigmentation. Here, we examined the effects of 6-week topical antibiotic treatment on vitiligo-prone pmel-1 mice. Bacitracin, Neosporin, or Vaseline were applied to one denuded flank, while the contralateral flank was treated with Vaseline in all mice.

Monitoring of health status, performance and transcript abundance of some genes in dairy heifers produced by embryo transfer or artificial insemination.

The use of multiple ovulation and embryo transfer (MOET) technology in the dairy cattle industry has increased dramatically in recent decades for the production of offspring from genetically superior cows. Yet, its long-term ramifications on adult performance have not been adequately clarified. Therefore, this study targeted comparing dairy heifers born after the transfer of in vivo-produced embryos (MOET-heifers, n = 400) and those born after artificial insemination (AI-heifers, n = 340).

Melanocyte-keratinocyte cross-talk in vitiligo.

Vitiligo is a common acquired pigmentary disorder that presents as progressive loss of melanocytes from the skin. Epidermal melanocytes and keratinocytes are in close proximity to each other, forming a functional and structural unit where keratinocytes play a pivotal role in supporting melanocyte homeostasis and melanogenesis. This intimate relationship suggests that keratinocytes might contribute to ongoing melanocyte loss and subsequent depigmentation.

Metformin-loaded ethosomes with promoted anti-proliferative activity in melanoma cell line B16, and wound healing aptitude: Development, characterization and in vivo evaluation.

The present work deals with the development of metformin-loaded ethosomes for localized treatment of melanoma and wound healing. Different ethosomal formulations were prepared using different concentrations of ethanol adopting injection technique. The developed formulations were investigated for entrapment efficiency, ex-vivo skin permeation, vesicle size, morphology and permeation kinetics.

Enhancement of antiproliferative potential of metformin against melanoma mice B16 cells using an optimized liposomal drug delivery system.

Objective: Metformin-loaded liposomes were optimized for enhanced antiproliferative activity against melanoma.

Methods: Box-Behnken design and response surface methodology were employed to optimize entrapment efficiency, ex-vivo permeation and vesicle size. The optimized formulation was prepared by both the lipid hydration method and the modified injection method for comparison.

Evaluation of Expressed MicroRNAs as Prospective Biomarkers for Detection of Breast Cancer.

Background: Early detection and screening of breast cancer (BC) might help improve the prognosis of BC patients. This study evaluated the use of serum microRNAs (miRs) as non-invasive biomarkers in BC patients. Methods: Using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, we evaluated the serum expression of four candidate miRs (miR-155, miR-373, miR-10b, and miR-34a) in 99 Egyptian BC patients and 40 healthy subjects (as a control).

Heat stress during critical windows of the oestrous cycle and risk of pregnancy establishment in embryo-recipient dairy heifers.

This study aimed to determine effects of exposure of recipient dairy heifers to heat stress (THI ≥ 73) during the oestrous cycle coinciding with embryo transfer (ET) on the risk of pregnancy establishment after transfer of in vivo produced embryos. Recipients exposed to THI values ≥73 during Days zero (recipient estrus), 7 (day of ET), 14 (seven days after ET), 15 and 16 (maternal recognition of pregnancy) of the ET cycle were considered as heat-stressed heifers (n = 254), while heifers in the control group (n = 470) were not exposed to THI ≥ 73 at any of the previous days. Results revealed no significant effects of any of the investigated factors on the risk of pregnancy following ET.

Isotretinoin Induced Hyperlipidemia and Impact of Leptin Gene 7799039 Polymorphism in Safety of Acne Patients.

Background: Acne vulgaris (AV) is a chronic inflammatory disease that affects the pilosebaceous unit. Leptin (LEP) gene polymorphisms is associated with higher risk of multiple disorders. Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) exerts comedogenic effect by stimulating the sebaceous glands.

Assessment of apheresis platelets during 5 days of storage: A National Cancer Institute, Cairo University experience.

Background: Platelet transfusion therapy is widely used to prevent hemorrhage in patients with thrombocytopenia and platelet disorders. The platelet concentrate (PC) quality is affected by increased storage time, as reflected in the decreased number of platelets, morphological changes, and impaired functions. This study aimed to analyze the impact of 5 days storage on platelets count and the expression of CD63, and Annexin V as activation markers during PC storage.

Natural Biostimulant Attenuates Salinity Stress Effects in Chili Pepper by Remodeling Antioxidant, Ion, and Phytohormone Balances, and Augments Gene Expression.

A biostimulant is any microorganism or substance used to enhance the efficiency of nutrition, tolerance to abiotic stress and/or quality traits of crops, depending on its contents from nutrients. Plant biostimulants like honey bee (HB) and silymarin (Sm) are a strategic trend for managing stressed crops by promoting nutritional and hormonal balance, regulating osmotic protectors, antioxidants, and genetic potential, reflecting plant growth and productivity. We applied diluted honey bee (HB) and silymarin-enriched honey bee (HB- Sm) as foliar nourishment to investigate their improving influences on growth, yield, nutritional and hormonal balance, various osmoprotectant levels, different components of antioxidant system, and genetic potential of chili pepper plants grown under NaCl-salinity stress (10 dS m).

Pomegranate extract ameliorates renal ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats via suppressing NF-κB pathway.

Inflammation and oxidative stress are the major pathways involved in ischemia-reperfusion (I/R)-induced renal injury. This study was designed to evaluate the potential effect of pomegranate against I/R-induced renal injury. I/R injury was induced in nephrectomized rats by unilateral occlusion of the left renal pedicle for 45 min followed by 24 h of perfusion.

Quercetin loaded cosm-nutraceutical electrospun composite nanofibers for acne alleviation: Preparation, characterization and experimental clinical appraisal.

In the cosmeceutical field, it is essential to develop topical delivery systems which would allow drugs to create a depot and permeate within the skin. The aim of the present study was to develop composite nanofibers of polyvinyl alcohol/quercetin/essential oils using the electrospinning technique, and assess their efficiency in acne alleviation. Quercetin was chosen due to its anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, and antibacterial activities.

Efficacy of narrow band UVB with or without OMP in stabilization of vitiligo activity in skin photo-types (III-V): A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, prospective, multicenter study.

Background: NB-UVB has long been the vitiligo management pillar with capability of achieving the main treatment outcomes; repigmentation and stabilization. Its stabilizing effect in dark skin has been debatable. However, randomized controlled trials regarding NB-UVB ability to control disease activity are lacking.

Diagnostic value of monocyte chemoattractant Protein-1, soluble mannose receptor, Presepsin, and Procalcitonin in critically ill children admitted with suspected sepsis.

Introduction: The differentiation between systemic inflammatory response syndrome and sepsis is very important as it determines essential treatment decisions, such as selection, initiation, and duration of antibiotic therapy.

Objectives: We aimed to investigate the diagnostic value of Procalcitonin, Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1, soluble Mannose Receptor, Presepsin as early biomarkers of pediatric sepsis in comparison to systemic inflammatory response syndrome in severely ill children.

Patients And Methods: This study included 58 children diagnosed as sepsis (group 1), 24 children with systemic inflammatory response syndrome without infection (group 2), and 50 healthy children as controls (group 3).

The use of intralesional corticosteroid combined with narrowband ultraviolet B in vitiligo treatment: clinical, histopathologic, and histometric evaluation.

Background: Treatment of vitiligo with intralesional steroid (ILS) injections has shown to be successful in quite a few studies. It is a simple and safe treatment when used with caution with a better response in localized lesions.

Objectives: The aim of the present study is to explore the efficacy and safety of using different concentrations of intralesional corticosteroid combined with NB-UVB phototherapy in the treatment of non-segmental vitiligo (NSV) patients.

Effect of acute and chronic liver diseases on the thyroid function in children.

Background: Thyroid hormones modulate hepatic function through regulation of basal metabolic rate in addition; the liver metabolizes the thyroid hormones and regulates their endocrine effects.

Objectives: To assess thyroid functions in children with acute and chronic liver diseases.

Methods: 85 studied children were divided into 4 groups; group 1 (20 children) with acute hepatitis (AH), group 2 (20 children) chronic liver disease1 (CLD1; relatively preserved liver functions including Child-Pugh stage A), group 3 (20 children) chronic liver disease2 (CLD2; includes Child-Pugh stage B or C), group 4 (25 children) controls.

Coenzyme Q10 phospholipidic vesicular formulations for treatment of androgenic alopecia: permeation and clinical appraisal.

Introduction: Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is an antioxidant molecule with anti-aging activity on human hair, and because of its pharmaceutical limitations such as large molecular weight, high lipophilicity and poor water solubility, its therapeutic effectiveness has been hampered. Therefore, different vesicular nanocarriers were developed in the current work, for enhancement of the skin penetration of CoQ10 for treatment of androgenic alopecia.

Areas Covered: In order to overcome the poor skin penetration of CoQ10, it was formulated in liposomes, transfersomes, ethosomes, cerosomes and transethosomes using the thin-film hydration method.