Recurrent urethral obstruction secondary to large vulval inclusion cyst: a remote complication of female genital mutilation: a case report.

Background: Female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C) is a major public health problem, particularly in developing countries.

Case Presentation: The authors reported a case of 48-year old multiparous woman presented to Kassala Hospital, east Sudan, with recurrent urine retention resulting from urethral obstruction, which was caused by large vulval inclusion cyst. A traditional birth attendant circumcised her when she was 5 year old.

Outcome of pregnancy in women with splenomegaly.

Background: The spleen is a lymphopoietic organ, contains almost one quarter of the body's lymphocytes.

Method: This was a prospective cross sectional study, carried out at Kassala hospital, Sudan between 1st of May 2019 to 30th of April 2020. The objective of this study was to investigate the outcome of pregnancy in women with splenomegaly.

Maternal and perinatal outcomes during a Chikungunya outbreak in Kassala, eastern Sudan.

Background: Arboviruses (dengue, Zika, and chikungunya) have recently emerged as an important public health issue and can lead to adverse obstetrics outcomes. The current study was conducted to assess maternal and perinatal outcomes following chikungunya fever/infection and to compare adverse pregnancy outcomes with data from the community collected in a previous study.

Methods: This study was performed during a chikungunya infection epidemic in Kassala, Sudan by recruiting all pregnant women with a confirmed chikungunya fever diagnosis by using antibodies/detection viral RNA using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction.

Seroprevelence of rubella among children suspected of having measles in Gadarif Hospital, Eastern Sudan.

While generally mild in children, rubella infection during pregnancy can lead to miscarriage, foetal death or congenital rubella syndrome. Rubella vaccination is not yet available as a part of routine immunisation in Sudan, and the burden of infection is unknown. Using the clinical case definition adopted by the World Health Organisation, a total of 123 children suspected of having of measles were enrolled in this study during January-December 2017 in Gadarif Hospital, Eastern Sudan.

Assessment of Bottle-Feeding Practices in Kassala, Eastern Sudan: A Community-Based Study.

Background: The World Health Organization encourages exclusive breastfeeding up to six months and avoidance of bottle-feeding. There are few published research articles on the practice of bottle-feeding and associated factors in Sudan.

Aim: The study aimed to assess the usage and factors associated with bottle-feeding practices during the first six months of life among mothers with children aged between 6 and 24 months in Kassala, Eastern Sudan.

Assessment of initiation of breastfeeding practice in Kassala, Eastern Sudan: a community-based study.

Background: The World Health Organization (WHO) encourages early initiation of breastfeeding within the first hour after birth with the objective of saving children's lives. There are few published research papers about factors associated with the initiation of breastfeeding in Sudan.The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of and factors associated with the timely initiation of breastfeeding among mothers with children two years and under in Kassala, Eastern Sudan.

High rate of uterine rupture in a conflict setting of Hajjah, Yemen.

A descriptive study was conducted to investigate the epidemiology and the outcome of uterine rupture at Hajjah Hospital, Yemen, during September 2014-August 2016. There were 110 cases of ruptured uterus and 3457 deliveries (31.8 per 1000 delivery).

Epidemiology of visceral leishmaniasis among children in Gadarif hospital, eastern Sudan.

Background: Since 1900s, visceral leishmaniasis (VL) has been among the most important health problems in Sudan, particularly in the endemic areas such as eastern and central regions.

Methods: This was a cross sectional, hospital-based study conducted from 1 January 2015 to 31 December 2015 to investigate the epidemiological factors of VL in Gadarif hospital, eastern Sudan.

Results: During the study period there were 47 identified children with VL among 145 suspected cases.

Trend in cumulative cases and mortality rate among visceral leishmaniasis patients in Eastern Sudan: a 14-year registry, 2002-2015.

Background: Leishmaniasis is one of the neglected infectious diseases of the world. This disease largely affects individuals of low socio-economic level, mainly in developing countries.

Methods: The aim of this study was to investigate the cumulative number of cases, case fatality rate, and trend in incidence and mortality rate of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in Eastern Sudan.

Human immune deficiency virus (HIV) infection during pregnancy at Gadarif hospital, Eastern Sudan.

This was a prospective study conducted on all pregnant and parturient women attending Gadarif Maternity Hospital, Sudan from January 2009 to December 2013 to investigate the maternal characteristics, pregnancy outcomes and estimate of maternal to child transmission of HIV among HIV infected women. During the study period, there were 26 HIV positive mothers among 6420 tested women yielding an incidence rate of 0.4%.

Concept of defensive medicine and litigation among Sudanese doctors working in obstetrics and gynecology.

Background: Obstetrics and gynaecology always has reputation for being a highly litigious. The field of obstetrics and gynaecology is surrounded by different circumstances that stimulate the doctors to practice defensive medicine.

Methods: This study was directed to assess the extent and the possible effect of defensive medicine phenomenon (in term of knowledge and prevalence) on medical decision making among different grades of obstetric and gynaecologic Sudanese doctors, and to determine any experience of medical litigations with respect to sources and factors associated with it (in term of area of work, characteristics of the area at which the doctors worked, professionalism, hospitals systems…ect).

Ovarian Cancer During Pregnancy: A Case Report and Literature Review.

Ovarian cancer during pregnancy is a rare event. Little is known about the treatment of this condition due to lack of prospective randomized trials and cohort studies. In this paper the authors reported a rare case of small cells ovarian cancer, diagnosed at 16 weeks of gestation, treated with conservative surgery at 18 weeks and chemotherapy.

Domestic violence against women in Eastern Sudan.

Background: Violence against women is one of the major public health problems in both developed and developing worlds. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of current (occurred in one year preceding the survey) domestic violence and socio-demographic factors associated with domestic violence against women.

Methods: This was a cross sectional household survey (face to face interview) conducted in Kassala, eastern Sudan, from 1(st) March to 1(st) June 2014.

Correlation of measles and dengue infection in Kassala, Eastern Sudan.

Using the clinical case definition adopted by the World Health Organization, a total of 275 suspected cases of measles were enrolled in this study during January-March 2012 in Kassala Teaching Hospital, Eastern Sudan. Various clinical manifestations (fever, headache, cough, coryza, conjunctivitis, skin rash, vomiting, diarrhoea, convulsion, and hemorrhagic manifestations) were reported among these patients. Blood was withdrawn from the first 64 (23.

Factors associated with perinatal mortality in Kassala, Eastern Sudan: a community-based study 2010-2011.

This study investigated the factors associated with perinatal mortality in eastern Sudan from 2010 to 2011. Among 808 deliveries, there were 15 pairs of twins, giving 823 babies at risk of perinatal deaths. There were 761 live births and 62 perinatal deaths.

Epidemiology of tuberculosis in Eastern Sudan.

Objective: To investigate the epidemiological factors of tuberculosis (TB) in eastern Sudan.

Methods: The socio-demographic and clinical data was retrieved from the database at Kassala hospital during the year of 2011. The medical file of consequent patients who was discharged from the same ward in the hospital was reviewed to act as control for the TB patients.

Factors affecting unmet need for family planning in Eastern Sudan.

Background: In the developing countries millions of women in the reproductive age who don't use contraceptives prefer to postpone or limit their birth. This indicates their failure to take necessary decision to prevent and avoid unwanted pregnancy.

Methods: A community-based cross sectional household survey was conducted to investigate unmet need for family planning and associated factors and total demand for family planning in Kassala, Eastern Sudan between 1st May and 31st July 2012.

Efficacy of artemether-lumefantrine as a treatment for uncomplicated Plasmodium vivax malaria in eastern Sudan.

Background: Artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) is the treatment of choice for uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria in most areas of the world, where malaria is endemic, including Sudan. However, few published data are available on the use of ACT for treatment of P. vivax malaria.

Knowledge and attitudes of female genital mutilation among midwives in Eastern Sudan.

Background: Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) or cutting caries legal and bioethical debates and it is practiced in many developing countries.

Methods: Random selection of 154 midwives was used for the study during June 2012 and through July 2012 aiming to assess knowledge and attitudes of the midwives towards FGM in Eastern Sudan.

Results: A total of 157 midwives enrolled in this study.

Diagnosis of ruptured ectopic pregnancy is still a challenge in Eastern Sudan.

This was a cross sectional prospective study carried out in Kassala Maternity Hospital, Eastern Sudan (2008-2011) to investigate the incidence rate and factors associated with delayed presentation in ruptured ectopic pregnancy. The total number of deliveries during the study period was 9578. The total number of ectopic pregnancy was 199 yielding an incidence rate of (1 in 48 deliveries or 20.

Anaemia among adults in Kassala, Eastern Sudan.

Background: The increased heterogeneity in the distribution of social and biological risk factors makes the epidemiology of anaemia a real challenge. A cross-sectional study was conducted at Kassala, Eastern Sudan during the period of January-March 2011 to investigate the prevalence and predictors of anaemia among adults (> 15 years old).

Findings: Out of 646, 234 (36.