A Comparative Study of Vitamin D Serum Levels in Monosymptomatic Enuretic Children and Non-Enuretic Children.

Background: Enuresis refers to urinary incontinence during sleep in children over 5 years of age. The pathogenesis of enuresis is complex. It is related to low functional bladder capacity, nocturnal bladder overactivity, and high arousal threshold, and it is also related to the immaturity of the central nervous system.

Cytokine profile in Egyptian children and adolescents with COVID-19 pneumonia: A multicenter study.

Background: To date, the cytokine profile in children and adolescent with novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has not been reported.

Objectives: We investigated serum levels of a panel of key cytokines in children and adolescent with COVID-19 pneumonia with a primary focus on "cytokine storm" cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-17, IL-2, IL-4, IL-10, interferon (IFN-γ), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and two chemokines interferon-inducible protein-10 (IP-10) and IL-8. We also studied whether these cytokines could be potential markers for illness severity in COVID-19 pneumonia.