Nonbacterial Thrombotic Endocarditis with Bivalvular Regurgitation.

• NBTE is a rare condition in which platelet thrombi form on heart valves. • Involvement of both the TV and MV in a patient with advanced malignancy is rare. • Valvular regurgitation is atypical given the lack of valve destruction.

Obstructive Sleep Apnea as a Predictor of Inducible Atrial Flutter During Pulmonary Vein Isolation in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation: Clinical Significance and Follow-Up Outcomes.

Background: Atrial fibrillation (AF) and atrial flutter (AFL) often coexist in patients and may lead to severe symptoms and complications. Despite their coexistence, prophylactic cavotricuspid isthmus (CTI) ablation has failed to reduce the incidence of recurrent AF or new onset AFL. In contrast, the presence of inducible AFL during pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) has been shown to be predictive of symptomatic AFL during follow-up.

Extracranial Microvascular Complications of Moyamoya Disease Leading to Left Ventricular Systolic Dysfunction.

Moyamoya disease (MMD) was first used as a descriptor for a steno-occlusive process that affects primarily the internal carotid arteries (ICA) in a bilateral fashion in 1969. Characterized by recurrent ischemic events in the developing brains of young patients, the process is one that often decimates the quality of life of affected individuals. The vascular changes in MMD have been demonstrated to occur in an extracranial manner, thus it is logical to assume that the same steno-occlusive mechanism could induce dysfunction and ischemia in other organ systems.

Pulmonary Fibroelastoma: A Rare Cardiac Mass Presenting With Dyspnea.

• PFEs are rare primary cardiac tumors. • Their presentation is often associated with embolic sequalae. • CMR has proven to be an invaluable tool in the diagnosis of cardiac masses.

Non-postoperative Central Retinal Artery and Ophthalmic Artery Occlusion With Compression Ischemia Due to Prolonged Sedation In Prone Position.

Central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) after a prolonged period of lying prone is a rare condition with only a handful of cases reported, generally as a postoperative complication of spinal surgery. Only a few cases can be found describing acute visual loss following intravenous drug abuse and stupor leading to continuous pressure on the orbit while asleep. No cases can be found describing acute visual loss following the ingestion of oral sedating/antipsychotic medications.