Does vitamin D supplementation benefit patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus who are vitamin D deficient? A study was performed at the Sudan Childhood Diabetes Center from 2019 to 2022.

Objectives: Type 1 diabetes mellitus is a chronic autoimmune disease caused by insufficient production of insulin. Many studies have linked type 1 diabetes mellitus to vitamin D deficiency. We investigated the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in Sudanese children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus and assessed the impact of vitamin D deficiency treatment on their glycemic control.

Determination of neuroinflammatory biomarkers in autistic and neurotypical Saudi children.

To identify neuroinflammatory biomarkers in patients with various severity of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) increases the insight about the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of this neurodevelopmental disorder. The aim of the present study was to analyze the levels in plasma of TGFβ2, Heat shock protein 70 (HSP70), and hematopoietic prostaglandin D2 synthase (H-PGDS) in Saudi ASD children and healthy age-matched neurotypical controls. Also, it was in the present study examined the correlation among these neuroinflammatory biomarkers and the sensory deficit exhibited by the ASD children.

Understanding the roles of glutamine synthetase, glutaminase, and glutamate decarboxylase autoantibodies in imbalanced excitatory/inhibitory neurotransmission as etiological mechanisms of autism.

Aim: Autism is a heterogeneous neurological disorder that is characterized by impairments in communication and social interactions, repetitive behaviors, and sensory abnormalities. The etiology of autism remains unclear. Animal, genetic, and post-mortem studies suggest that an imbalance exists in the neuronal excitation and inhibition system in autism.