Stearidonic-Enriched Soybean Oil Modulates Obesity, Glucose Metabolism, and Fatty Acid Profiles Independently of Akkermansia muciniphila.

Scope: Previous studies have suggested that diets rich in omega-3 and low in omega-6 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) can limit the development of metabolic syndrome (MetS). Transgenic soybeans yielding oils enriched for omega-3 PUFAs represent a new and readily-available option for incorporating omega-3 PUFAs into diets to provide health benefits.

Methods And Results: Transgenic soybean oils, enriched for either stearidonic acid (SDA) or eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), are incorporated into diets to test their effects on limiting the development of MetS in a mouse model of diet-induced obesity.

Commensal Strains Can Promote Intestinal Inflammation via Differential Interleukin-6 Production.

is a facultative anaerobic symbiont found widely among mammalian gastrointestinal tracts. Several human studies have reported increased commensal abundance in the intestine during inflammation; however, host immunological responses toward commensal during inflammation are not well-defined. Here, we show that colonization of gnotobiotic mice with different genotypes of commensal isolated from healthy conventional microbiota mice and representing distinct populations of elicited strain-specific disease phenotypes and immunopathological changes following treatment with the inflammatory stimulus, dextran sulfate sodium (DSS).

Non-toxigenic Bacteroides fragilis (NTBF) administration reduces bacteria-driven chronic colitis and tumor development independent of polysaccharide A.

Polysaccharide A (PSA), an immunogenic capsular component of non-toxigenic Bacteroides fragilis (NTBF) strain NCTC 9343, is reported to promote mucosal immune development and suppress colitis. Contrastingly, enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis (ETBF) is highly associated with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and colorectal cancer (CRC), rapidly inducing IL-17-dependent murine colitis and tumorigenesis. In specific-pathogen-free (SPF) C57BL/6 wild-type (WT) and multiple intestinal neoplasia (Min) mice, we show that sequential treatment of the NTBF strain, 9343, followed by the ETBF strain, 86-5443-2-2 (86), diminished colitis and tumorigenesis.

Patients with familial adenomatous polyposis harbor colonic biofilms containing tumorigenic bacteria.

Individuals with sporadic colorectal cancer (CRC) frequently harbor abnormalities in the composition of the gut microbiome; however, the microbiota associated with precancerous lesions in hereditary CRC remains largely unknown. We studied colonic mucosa of patients with familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP), who develop benign precursor lesions (polyps) early in life. We identified patchy bacterial biofilms composed predominately of and Genes for colibactin () and toxin (), encoding secreted oncotoxins, were highly enriched in FAP patients' colonic mucosa compared to healthy individuals.

Procarcinogenic regulatory T cells in microbial-induced colon cancer.

Regulatory T cell (Treg) promote IL-17-mediated colon tumorigenesis in multiple intestinal neoplasia (Min) mice colonized with enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis (ETBF). Although they retain their immunosuppressive function, mucosal Treg are instrumental to initiate ETBF-triggered IL-17 colitis by limiting the availability of IL-2 in the local microenvironment. However, the mechanisms that trigger the recruitment of the pro-carcinogenic Treg in ETBF-colonized colon remained to be elucidated.

Regulatory T-cell Response to Enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis Colonization Triggers IL17-Dependent Colon Carcinogenesis.

Unlabelled: Many epithelial cancers are associated with chronic inflammation. However, the features of inflammation that are procarcinogenic are not fully understood. Regulatory T cells (Treg) typically restrain overt inflammatory responses and maintain intestinal immune homeostasis.

Bacteroides fragilis subverts mucosal biology: from symbiont to colon carcinogenesis.

The human body comprises fewer host cells than bacterial cells, most of which are obligate anaerobes residing in the gut. The symbiont Bacteroides fragilis constitutes a relatively small proportion (up to 1%-2%) of cultured fecal bacteria, but colonizes most humans. There are 2 classes of B.

Interleukin-17 and type 17 helper T cells in cancer management and research.

Since their recent discovery, T helper 17 (Th17) cells have been frequently detected in the tumor microenvironment of many malignancies, but their clinical implications remain largely unknown. Interleukin-17 (IL-17) detection is commonly related with poor outcomes in colorectal cancers, yet its presence is associated with antitumor responses in ovarian carcinomas. Numerous experimental models illustrate the divergent roles of Th17 cells in tumor immunity, which appears to be mainly dependent on the tumor context (type, location, and stage of cancer).