Moderate physical activity during neoadjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer patients: effect on cancer-related inflammation and pathological complete response-the Neo-Runner study.

Background: Physical activity (PA) reduces the risk of developing breast cancer (BC) and mortality rate in BC patients starting PA after diagnosis. Immunomodulation is considered responsible for these effects. However, limited data exist on the immunomodulation induced by moderate PA (mPA) during neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT).

Effects of a Personalized Diet on Nutritional Status and Renal Function Outcome in Nephrectomized Patients with Renal Cancer.

Nutritional therapy (NT) based on a controlled protein intake represents a cornerstone in managing chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, if a CKD patient is at the same time affected by cancer, oncologists and nutritionists tend to suggest a dietary regimen based on high protein intake to avoid catabolism and malnutrition. International guidelines are not clear when we consider onco-nephrological patients and, as a consequence, no clinical shared strategy is currently applied in clinical practice.

Baseline Values of Circulating IL-6 and TGF-β Might Identify Patients with HNSCC Who Do Not Benefit from Nivolumab Treatment.

Background: The immunotherapy of head and neck cancer induces a limited rate of long-term survivors at the cost of treating many patients exposed to toxicity without benefit, regardless of PD-L1 expression. The identification of better biomarkers is warranted. We analyzed a panel of cytokines, chemokines and growth factors, hereinafter all referred to as 'cytokines', as potential biomarkers in patients with head and neck cancer treated with nivolumab.

Baseline Cytokine Profile Identifies a Favorable Outcome in a Subgroup of Colorectal Cancer Patients Treated with Regorafenib.

Metastatic colorectal cancer is frequently associated with poor clinical conditions that may limit therapeutic options. Regorafenib is a small molecule approved for the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer, but it is hampered by significative toxicities. Moreover, only a relatively limited number of patients benefit from the treatment.

Why Oncologists Should Feel Directly Involved in Persuading Patients with Head and Neck Cancer to Quit Smoking.

Introduction: Among the risk factors for squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck, smoking is still the most important today. Several studies agree on the effect of smoking on tumor microenvironment, while the definition of former smokers and the time of smoking cessation on biologic effect differs among papers.

Methods: We conducted a narrative review on smoking effects in HNSCC.

The Role of Cytokinome in the HNSCC Tumor Microenvironment: A Narrative Review and Our Experience.

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the sixth most common cancer. In locally advanced (LA) HNSCC, a multidisciplinary approach consisting of surgery followed by chemoradiation (CRT) or definitive CRT is the mainstay of treatment. In recurrent metastatic (R/M), HNSCC immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) with or without chemotherapy represent the new first-line option.

How Chemotherapy Affects the Tumor Immune Microenvironment: A Narrative Review.

Chemotherapy is much more effective in immunocompetent mice than in immunodeficient ones, and it is now acknowledged that an efficient immune system is necessary to optimize chemotherapy activity and efficacy. Furthermore, chemotherapy itself may reinvigorate immune response in different ways: by targeting cancer cells through the induction of cell stress, the release of damage signals and the induction of immunogenic cell death, by targeting immune cells, inhibiting immune suppressive cells and/or activating immune effector cells; and by targeting the host physiology through changes in the balance of gut microbiome. All these effects acting on immune and non-immune components interfere with the tumor microenvironment, leading to the different activity and efficacy of treatments.

Effect of Eribulin on Angiogenesis and the Expression of Endothelial Adhesion Molecules.

Background/aim: Tumor vasculature is an important component of the tumor microenvironment and deeply affects anticancer immune response. Eribulin is a non-taxane inhibitor of the mitotic spindle. However, off-target effects interfering with the tumor vasculature have been reported.

Circulating Cytokines in Metastatic Breast Cancer Patients Select Different Prognostic Groups and Patients Who Might Benefit from Treatment beyond Progression.

Cancer induces immune suppression to overcome its recognition and eradication by the immune system. Cytokines are messengers able to modulate immune response or suppression. There is great interest in the evaluation of their changes during treatment in order to identify their relationship with clinical outcome.

Exploratory analysis of circulating cytokines in patients with metastatic breast cancer treated with eribulin: the TRANSERI-GONO (Gruppo Oncologico del Nord Ovest) study.

Background: Anticancer drugs can interact with the tumour microenvironment and their effects could be exploited to favour anticancer immune response. Eribulin contributes to tumour vasculature remodelling and transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) modulation in experimental models and in humans. We performed a prospective, translational, exploratory analysis of the levels of circulating cytokines at different time points in patients with metastatic breast cancer treated with eribulin.

Circulating cytokines and outcome in metastatic colorectal cancer patients treated with regorafenib.

Background: Regorafenib is an oral small-molecule multikinase inhibitor approved in third or later line of treatment for patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). Regorafenib has shown significant benefits in overall survival and progression free survival in two phase III trials compared to placebo in patients with mCRC who had progressed on previous therapy.

Aim: To identify an immune profile that might specifically correlate with the outcome in patients treated with regorafenib.

The importance of psychosexual counselling in the re-establishment of organic and erotic functions after penile prosthesis implantation.

Although many studies about penile prosthesis implantation (PPI) have been published so far, only a small amount of them take into account patients and partners outcome in terms of satisfaction and erotic function. The aim of this study is to explore the value of psycosexual counselling in and the sexual and erotic function of penile prosthesis recipients. Thirty patients and their partners were randomised into two groups.

Phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor treatment for erectile dysfunction in patients with end-stage renal disease receiving dialysis or after renal transplantation.

Introduction: The phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitors are generally well tolerated and effective for treating erectile dysfunction (ED), including in patients with significant comorbidity. Because of this benign safety profile, investigators have used PDE5 inhibitors to treat patients with ED and severe renal disease or those who have received renal transplants.

Aim: To assess safety and efficacy of PDE5 inhibitors in patients receiving dialysis or renal transplants.

Quality of life in patients undergone oncopreventive intravesical treatment for superficial bladder cancer.

Objectives: Adjuvant intravesical therapy after TURB for superficial bladder cancer forces the patients to follow prolonged protocols of treatment. In our study we considered the quality of life of these patients.

Materials And Methods: We created a questionnaire of 52 items in order to analyse free time, working activity, sexual-relational activity, compliance and self esteem of patients undergone intravesical adjuvant therapy.

Erectile dysfunction after kidney transplantation: our 22 years of experience.

Aim: To evaluate the results of treatment of erectile dysfunction (ED) in kidney transplant recipients before and after the advent of sildenafil.

Materials And Methods: From 1981 through 2002, 971 male patients of mean age 53.4 years received a renal graft.