Effects of dimethyl itaconate on expressions of NGFI-A and NGFI-B and inflammatory cytokines in the spinal cord in the formalin test.

Neural sensitization can cause neuroinflammation, which is a type of inflammation that occurs in both the peripheral nervous system and central nervous system. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of dimethyl itaconate (DMI) on the expression of NGFI-A and NGFI-B and inflammatory cytokines in the spinal cord in the formalin test. The rats were divided into five groups: control, formalin, DMI 10 mg/kg + formalin, DMI 20 mg/kg + formalin and diclofenac sodium 10 mg/kg + formalin.

When rewards backfire: Collapsing under pressure in motor cortex.

People often underperform their abilities in high-value situations, a mysterious phenomenon known as "choking under pressure." In this issue of Neuron, Smoulder et al. report that target-selective signals in the motor cortex of non-human primates collapse in the face of high-value opportunities.

The frequency of osteomyelitis after pressure injury in spinal cord injury: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Study Design: A systematic review and meta-analysis OBJECTIVE: To determine the global frequency of osteomyelitis in individuals with spinal cord injury who have pressure injuries (SCI-PI).

Methods: A comprehensive search on PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, and the Web of Science has been conducted until November 2023. The Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews was followed.

The relationship between good governance, social support, and perceived discrimination with mental health through the mediation role of quality of life: a cross-sectional path analysis in Iran.

Background: Recognizing the established link between social determinants of health, such as social support, good governance, and perceived discrimination, and individual mental health, this study aims to delve deeper into the specific relationships within the Iranian adult population. It seeks to elucidate the potential mediating role of quality of life in the association between mental health disorders (MHDs) and these social factors.

Methods: This cross-sectional study employed path analysis to investigate the relationships between social determinants of health and MHDs among 725 Iranian adults in Tabriz, Northwest Iran.

Ultrasound-assisted encapsulating folic acid-based carbon quantum dots within breast cancer cell-derived exosomes as a co-receptors-mediated anticancer nanocarrier for enhanced breast cancer therapy.

The nonspecific nature of cancer drug delivery often results in substantial toxic side effects during treatments for breast cancer. To mitigate these negative outcomes, our approach involves loading methotrexate (MTX) within carbon quantum dots (CQDs) synthesized from folic acid, which are then enveloped in exosomal membranes obtained from breast cancer cells (Ex@MTX-CQDs). Analysis utilizing nanoparticle tracking techniques has demonstrated that these Ex@MTX-CQDs maintain the physical and biochemical properties of their exosomal precursors.

Deep learning approach to femoral AVN detection in digital radiography: differentiating patients and pre-collapse stages.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate a new deep-learning model for diagnosing avascular necrosis of the femoral head (AVNFH) by analyzing pelvic anteroposterior digital radiography.

Methods: The study sample included 1167 hips. The radiographs were independently classified into 6 stages by a radiologist using their simultaneous MRIs.

Vitamin D in Type 2 Diabetes and Its Correlation With Heat Shock Protein 70, Ferric Reducing Ability of Plasma, Advanced Oxidation Protein Products and Advanced Glycation End Products.

Aim: To investigate the association between vitamin D3 level and oxidative stress biomarkers such as Heat Shock Protein 70 (HSP70), ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP), advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP) and advanced glycation end products (AGEs) in patients with Type 2 diabetes.

Method: In this cross-sectional study, 54 patients including 32 females and 22 males with a mean age of 54.92 ± 11.

Impact of polyvinyl chloride microplastic and paraquat herbicide on the blood cells, biochemical parameters, liver enzymes and morphological changes of aqueduct fish.

In recent years, the surge in plastic production has led to pervasive pollution across all environments, earning us the title of inhabiting a "plastic world." Consequently, this research endeavors to explore alterations in biochemical parameters, liver enzymes, and tissue integrity within the gills, intestines, and liver of black fish subjected to polyvinyl chloride (PVC) microplastics and paraquat herbicide, both individually and in combination. For this purpose, we allocated 90 blackfish specimens into 9 groups consisting of 10 individuals each through random selection.

Personalized Approaches to Cardiovascular Disease: Insights into FDA-Approved Interventions and Clinical Pharmacogenetics.

Cardiovascular diseases place a considerable burden on global health systems, contributing to high rates of morbidity and mortality. Current approaches to detecting and treating Cardiovascular Diseases (CVD) often focus on symptomatic management and are initiated after the disease has progressed. Personalized medicine, which tailors medical interventions to individual characteristics, has emerged as a promising strategy for improving cardiovascular health outcomes.

The impact of Dimethyl itaconate on c-Fos expression in the spinal cord in experimental pain models.

Itaconate has been found to have potent anti-inflammatory effects and is being explored as a potential treatment for inflammatory diseases. However, its ability to relieve nociception and the mechanisms behind it are not yet understood. Our research aims to investigate the nociception-relieving properties of dimethyl itaconate (DMI) in the formalin test and writhing test.

A survey of parasitic infections in Psittaciformes and Passeriformes in Mashhad, Iran.

The health, growth and fertility of avian species can be negatively affected by parasite infection. This survey assesses the presence, variety and distribution of internal and external parasites among parrots and perching birds in Mashhad, Iran. This study examined 751 caged pet birds from different species and regions in Mashhad for faecal samples and 132 oral swabs for digestive tract parasites.

Value-Based Search Efficiency Is Encoded in the Substantia Nigra Reticulata Firing Rate, Spiking Irregularity and Local Field Potential.

Recent results show that valuable objects can pop out in visual search, yet its neural mechanisms remain unexplored. Given the role of substantia nigra reticulata (SNr) in object value memory and control of gaze, we recorded its single-unit activity while male macaque monkeys engaged in efficient or inefficient search for a valuable target object among low-value objects. The results showed that efficient search was concurrent with stronger inhibition and higher spiking irregularity in the target-present (TP) compared with the target-absent (TA) trials in SNr.

Effect of resveratrol and curcumin and the potential synergism on hypertension: A mini-review of human and animal model studies.

Resveratrol (RES) and curcumin (CUR) are two of the most extensively studied bioactive compounds in cardiovascular research from the past until today. These compounds have effectively lowered blood pressure by downregulating the renin-angiotensin system, exerting antioxidant effects, and exhibiting antiproliferative activities on blood vessels. This study aims to summarize the results of human and animal studies investigating the effects of CUR, RES, and their combination on hypertension and the molecular mechanisms involved.

Prefrontal cortex encodes value pop-out in visual search.

Recent evidence demonstrates that long-term object value association can enhance visual search efficiency, a phenomenon known as value pop-out. However, the neural mechanism underlying this effect is not fully understood. Given the known role of the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (vlPFC) in visual search and value memory, we recorded its single-unit activity (n = 526) in two macaque monkeys while they engaged in the value-driven search.

The landscape of non-coding RNAs in the immunopathogenesis of Endometriosis.

Endometriosis is a complex disorder that is characterized by the abnormal growth of endometrial-like tissue outside the uterus. It is associated with chronic inflammation, severe pelvic pain, infertility, and significantly reduced quality of life. Although the exact mechanism of endometriosis remains unknown, inflammation and altered immunity are considered key factors in the immunopathogenesis of the disorder.

A review on the impacts of metal/metal nanoparticles on characteristics of hydrogels: Special focus on carbohydrate polymers.

Hydrogels with very interesting properties such as high water content, porosity, swelling, and mimicking the structure of the extracellular matrix (ECM) are promising candidates for a variety of applications. Recently, great efforts are being made to improve the shape and functionality of three-dimensional (3D) hydrogels. One of the most promising approaches is the incorporation of metal or metal nanoparticles (NPs) into hydrogels made of natural and synthetic polymers such as proteins, carbohydrates (i.

Recent progress in tannic acid based approaches as a natural polyphenolic biomaterial for cancer therapy: A review.

Significant advancements have been noticed in cancer therapy for decades. Despite this, there are still many critical challenges ahead, including multidrug resistance, drug instability, and side effects. To overcome obstacles of these problems, various types of materials in biomedical research have been explored.

Disturbance of information in superior parietal lobe during dual-task interference in a simulated driving task.

Performing a secondary task while driving causes a decline in driving performance. This phenomenon, called dual-task interference, can have lethal consequences. Previous fMRI studies have looked at the changes in the average brain activity to uncover the neural correlates of dual-task interference.

Postmenopausal women's usage of complementary and alternative medicine and its relationship to sexual function: A cross-sectional study in southeastern Iran.

Background And Aims: Sexual dysfunction is one of the most common problems in postmenopausal women that affect their lives. Due to the widespread disadvantages and age limit of drug and hormone therapy, the demand for complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) methods has increased.

Methods: This was a descriptive-analytical study.

Matricaria chamomilla essential oil-loaded hybrid electrospun nanofibers based on polycaprolactone/sulfonated chitosan/ZIF-8 nanoparticles for wound healing acceleration.

Recently, developing antibacterial wound dressings based on biomaterials display good biocompatibility and the potential to accelerate wound healing. For this aim, we prepared eco-friendly and biodegradable nanofibers (NFs) based on N-(3-sulfopropyl)chitosan/ poly (ε-caprolactone) incorporated by zeolite imidazolate framework-8 nanoparticles (ZIF-8 NPs) and chamomile essential oil (MCEO) via the electrospinning technique for their efficacy as wound dressing scaffolds. Fabricated NFs were characterized and studied for their structural, morphological, mechanical, hydrophilic, and thermal stability properties.

Review of Physical Layer Security in Molecular Internet of Nano-Things.

Molecular networking has been identified as a key enabling technology for Internet-of-Nano-Things (IoNT): microscopic devices that can monitor, process information, and take action in a wide range of medical applications. As the research matures into prototypes, the cybersecurity challenges of molecular networking are now being researched on at both the cryptographic and physical layer level. Due to the limited computation capabilities of IoNT devices, physical layer security (PLS) is of particular interest.

Advanced Therapy Medicinal Products in Vitiligo; Current Status, Future Prospect, and Approved Treatments.

Vitiligo is an auto-immune disease, causing depigmentation of skin in 0.2-1.8% of global population.

Reactogenicity within the first week after Sinopharm, Sputnik V, AZD1222, and COVIran Barekat vaccines: findings from the Iranian active vaccine surveillance system.

Background: This study aimed to evaluate the reactogenicity effects of COVID-19 vaccines, used in Iran.

Methods: At least 1000 people were followed up with phone calls or self-report in a mobile application within 7 days after vaccination. Local and systemic reactogenicities were reported overall and by subgroups.