Descriptive epidemiology: prevalence, incidence, sociodemographic factors, socioeconomic domains, and quality of life of epilepsy: an update and systematic review.

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to investigate the contributions of quality of life (QOL), sociodemographic factors (age, sex, etc.), residential areas, general attitudes toward epilepsy, socioeconomic domains, prevalence and incidence in epileptic patients from Iran.

Material And Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted, including database searches in PubMed, Medline, Embase, ScienceDirect, Scopus, ISC, Health, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library Database of relevant articles, personal files and systematic reviews to identify studies examining risk factors in epilepsy.

Anti-inflammatory effects of Metformin improve the neuropathic pain and locomotor activity in spinal cord injured rats: introduction of an alternative therapy.

Study Design: This is an animal study.

Objectives: Metformin is a safe drug for controlling blood sugar in diabetes. It has been shown that metformin improves locomotor recovery after spinal cord injury (SCI).

The effects of Alkanna tinctoria Tausch on split-thickness skin graft donor site management: a randomized, blinded placebo-controlled trial.

Background: A prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial was conducted to compare the healing effectiveness of Alkanna tinctoria (L.) Tausch (Boraginaceae) with standard dressing on wound healing at the donor site after removal of the skin graft.

Methods: Enrolled patients were randomly allocated to receive topicalA.

The effect of behavioral intervention and nutrition education program on serum lipid profile, body weight and blood pressure in Iranian individuals with spinal cord injury: A randomized clinical trial.

Objective: The efficacy of nutrition education on body weight and serum lipids has not yet been described in patients with spinal cord injury (SCI). In the present study, we examined the effect of a 7-month nutrition education program on lipid profile and body weight in individuals with SCI.

Design: Randomized clinical trial.

Is the pattern of dietary amino acids intake associated with serum lipid profile and blood pressure among individuals with spinal cord injury?

Objective: The probable effect of dietary amino acids intake pattern on serum lipid profile and blood pressure (BP) have not yet been described among individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI).

Design: Cross-sectional.

Setting: Tertiary rehabilitation center.

Assessment of Attention to Clothing and Impact of Its Restrictive Factors in Iranian Patients with Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury (ACIRF-SCI): Introduction of a New Questionnaire.

Background: Patients with spinal cord injury (SCI) deal with various restrictive factors regarding their clothing, such as disability and difficulty with access to shopping centers.

Objective: We designed a questionnaire to assess attention to clothing and impact of its restrictive factors among Iranian patients with SCI (ACIRF-SCI).

Methods: The ACIRF-SCI has 5 domains: functional, medical, attitude, aesthetic, and emotional.

Dietary pattern as identified by factorial analysis and its association with lipid profile and fasting plasma glucose among Iranian individuals with spinal cord injury.

Objectives: Plasma lipids (triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein (HDL-C) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C)) may be associated with dietary intakes. The purpose of this study was to identify the most common food patterns among Iranian persons with spinal cord injury (SCI) and investigate their associations with lipid profile.

Design: Cross-sectional.

Calcium and vitamin D plasma concentration and nutritional intake status in patients with chronic spinal cord injury: A referral center report.

Background: Nutritional status influences bone health spinal cord injury (SCI). This study evaluates serum levels of 25-hydroxy-vitamin-D and calcium along with dietary intakes in patients with chronic SCI.

Materials And Methods: Total of 160 patients participated in this investigation.

Safety and Efficacy of PDpoetin for Management of Anemia in Patients with end Stage Renal Disease on Maintenance Hemodialysis: Results from a Phase IV Clinical Trial.

Recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEPO) is available for correcting anemia. PDpoetin, a new brand of rHuEPO, has been certified by Food and Drug Department of Ministry of Health and Medical Education of Iran for clinical use in patients with chronic kidney disease. We conducted this post-marketing survey to further evaluate the safety and efficacy of PDpoetin for management of anemia in patients on maintenance hemodialysis.

Evaluation of bone mineral loss in patients with chronic traumatic spinal cord injury in Iran.

Objectives: We described the associations between demographic and injury-related factors on bone mineral density (BMD) of the spine and the hip among adult patients with chronic spinal cord injury (SCI).

Design: BMD in spinal and femoral bone sites were assessed. Multivariate analysis was performed to evaluate the relationship between anthropometric and injury-related factors with BMD.

Antinociceptive and antidiarrheal effects of pioglitazone in a rat model of diarrhoea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome: role of nitric oxide.

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a prevalent disease characterized by abdominal pain and abnormal bowel habits. Pioglitazone is a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) γ agonist and, although it is mostly used as an antidiabetic agent, it has been reported to have analgesic effects. Nitric oxide (NO), a gaseous molecule that mediates many of the effects of pioglitazone, has been implicated in the pathophysiology of IBS.

Lithium protects against spinal cord injury in rats: role of nitric oxide.

Objective: Lithium improves locomotor scores after spinal cord injury (SCI) in rats. However, the underlying mechanisms are unknown. Herein, we assess the role of nitric oxide (NO) in this action.

Cardiometabolic risk factors in Iranians with spinal cord injury: analysis by injury-related variables.

Persons with spinal cord injury (SCI) have a high prevalence of abnormalities in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. These abnormalities cause adverse coronary heart disease (CHD) in patients with SCI. In this study, we performed a detailed analysis of the level-specific cardiometabolic risk factors in individuals with SCI and analyzed the association of injury level on these risk factors.

The effects of n-3 fatty acids on inflammatory cytokines in osteoporotic spinal cord injured patients: A randomized clinical trial.

Background: Clinical studies have reported that osteoporosis after spinal cord injury (SCI) can be the inflammation-induced base condition and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) suppress the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. This study documents the effects of n-3 PUFAs on cytokines in a group of patients after chronic SCI.

Methods: This double-blind, placebo- controlled trial was designed in 82 (69 males and 13 females) osteoporotic patients with SCI for 4 months.

Cross-cultural adaptation and reliability evaluation of Iranian version of Functional Assessment Measure in spinal cord injury patients.

Background And Purpose: The aim of this study was to translate and validate the Iranian version of the Functional Assessment Measure (FAM) among patients with spinal cord injury (SCI).

Material And Methods: Two hundred patients with SCI participated in this study. A convenience sampling approach was used for selection of the patients.

Obesity predictors in people with chronic spinal cord injury: an analysis by injury related variables.

Background: Despite an elevated obesity risk in people with spinal cord injury (SCI), investigation on the effects of age, obesity predictors, and injury related factors is yet to be unknown within the SCI population.

Methods: Obesity predictors were measured in 162 patients.

Results: 27.

Calorie and macronutrients intake in people with spinal cord injuries: an analysis by sex and injury-related variables.

Objective: Current studies suggest that two of every three persons with spinal cord injury are at risk for the metabolic consequences of obesity. The objective of this study was to assess the dietary intakes in people with spinal cord injury based on sex- and injury-related variables.

Methods: In total 162 people with spinal cord injury participated in this cross-sectional study.

Lithium inhibits the development of physical dependence to clonidine in mice.

Based on our previous finding that chronic lithium treatment reduced naloxone-precipitated withdrawal syndrome in morphine-treated mice, the effect of chronic lithium treatment was evaluated on the development of dependence to clonidine. Dependence was induced by injection of either morphine (50, 50 and 75 mg/kg, intraperitoneally with 3 hr interval for 3 consecutive days), or clonidine (2 mg/kg/day, intraperitoneally for 10 days). Naloxone (4 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) precipitated withdrawal signs in both morphine- and clonidine-treated mice.