Observational assessment for determining shoulder fault movements before and after corrective education in participants with chronic shoulder pain: Concurrent validity study.

Background: Movement faults (MF), described as the alteration of joint position and motion, are an important factor associated with developing shoulder pathologies. However, determining or predicting the exact MF in participants with shoulder pain is limited by the absence of clinical tools and poor validity.

Purpose: The aim of the study was to determine the validity of using observational assessment to MFs or controlling MFs in subjects with chronic shoulder pain during shoulder elevation and external rotation.

The effect of prefabricated and proprioceptive foot orthoses on plantar pressure distribution in patients with flexible flatfoot during walking.

Background: Previous studies have suggested that orthoses with different constructions could alter gait parameters in flexible flatfoot. However, there is less evidence about the effect of insoles with proprioceptive mechanism on plantar pressure distribution in flatfoot.

Objectives: To assess the effect of orthoses with different mechanisms on plantar pressure distribution in subjects with flexible flatfoot.