Molecular assessment of microbial diversity on eggshell of chukar partridges () under semi-captive conditions.

Due to human activity, climatic changes and habitat damage, the Chukar partridge () is experiencing a population decrease. The goal of this work was to isolate and identify the inner eggshell microflora in order to learn more about their function in embryo mortality and hatchability in semi-captive settings. During the egg-laying season, 204 eggs were gathered from the Balkasar Research Complex in Chakwal, Pakistan.

Study of phase-field lattice Boltzmann models based on the conservative Allen-Cahn equation.

Conservative phase-field (CPF) equations based on the Allen-Cahn model for interface tracking in multiphase flows have become more popular in recent years, especially in the lattice-Boltzmann (LB) community. This is largely due to their simplicity and improved efficiency and accuracy over their Cahn-Hilliard-based counterparts. Additionally, the improved locality of the resulting LB equation (LBE) for the CPF models makes them more ideal candidates for LB simulation of multiphase flows on nonuniform grids, particularly within an adaptive-mesh refinement framework and massively parallel implementation.

Assessing subspecies status of leopards () of northern Pakistan using mitochondrial DNA.

Despite being classified as critically endangered, little work has been done on leopard protection in Pakistan. Once widely present throughout this region, leopards are now sparsely distributed, and possibly extinct from much of their previously recorded habitat. While leopards show morphological and genetic variation across their species range worldwide, resulting in the classification of nine different subspecies, the leopard genetic structure across Pakistan is unknown, with previous studies including only a very limited sampling.

Numerical simulation of three-component multiphase flows at high density and viscosity ratios using lattice Boltzmann methods.

In this paper, we propose a multiphase lattice Boltzmann model for numerical simulation of ternary flows at high density and viscosity ratios free from spurious velocities. The proposed scheme, which is based on the phase-field modeling, employs the Cahn-Hilliard theory to track the interfaces among three different fluid components. Several benchmarks, such as the spreading of a liquid lens, binary droplets, and head-on collision of two droplets in binary- and ternary-fluid systems, are conducted to assess the reliability and accuracy of the model.

Improved locality of the phase-field lattice-Boltzmann model for immiscible fluids at high density ratios.

Based on phase-field theory, we introduce a robust lattice-Boltzmann equation for modeling immiscible multiphase flows at large density and viscosity contrasts. Our approach is built by modifying the method proposed by Zu and He [Phys. Rev.

Extended lattice Boltzmann scheme for droplet combustion.

The available lattice Boltzmann (LB) models for combustion or phase change are focused on either single-phase flow combustion or two-phase flow with evaporation assuming a constant density for both liquid and gas phases. To pave the way towards simulation of spray combustion, we propose a two-phase LB method for modeling combustion of liquid fuel droplets. We develop an LB scheme to model phase change and combustion by taking into account the density variation in the gas phase and accounting for the chemical reaction based on the Cahn-Hilliard free-energy approach.

Conservative phase-field lattice Boltzmann model for interface tracking equation.

Based on the phase-field theory, we propose a conservative lattice Boltzmann method to track the interface between two different fluids. The presented model recovers the conservative phase-field equation and conserves mass locally and globally. Two entirely different approaches are used to calculate the gradient of the phase field, which is needed in computation of the normal to the interface.

Finite-difference lattice Boltzmann method with a block-structured adaptive-mesh-refinement technique.

An adaptive-mesh-refinement (AMR) algorithm for the finite-difference lattice Boltzmann method (FDLBM) is presented in this study. The idea behind the proposed AMR is to remove the need for a tree-type data structure. Instead, pointer attributes are used to determine the neighbors of a certain block via appropriate adjustment of its children identifications.

Multiple-relaxation-time lattice Boltzmann method for immiscible fluids at high Reynolds numbers.

The lattice Boltzmann method for immiscible multiphase flows with large density ratio is extended to high Reynolds number flows using a multiple-relaxation-time (MRT) collision operator, and its stability and accuracy are assessed by simulating the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability. The MRT model is successful at damping high-frequency oscillations in the kinetic energy emerging from traveling waves generated by the inclusion of curvature. Numerical results are shown to be in good agreement with prior studies using adaptive mesh refinement techniques applied to the Navier-Stokes equations.

Phase-field modeling by the method of lattice Boltzmann equations.

In this paper, at first, a lattice Boltzmann method for binary fluids, which is applicable at low viscosity values, is developed. The presented scheme is extension of the free-energy-based approach to a multi-relaxation-time collision model. Various benchmark problems such as the well-known Laplace law for stationary bubbles and capillary-wave test are conducted for validation.