Special Report on the Consensus QIBA Profile for Objective Analytical Validation of Non-calcified and High-risk Plaque and Other Biomarkers using Computed Tomography Angiography.

Rationale And Objectives: Evidence is building in support of the clinical utility of atherosclerotic plaque imaging by computed tomography angiography (CTA). There is increasing organized activity to embrace non-calcified plaque (NCP) as a formally defined biomarker for clinical trials, and high-risk plaque (HRP) for clinical care, as the most relevant measures for the field to advance and worthy of community efforts to validate. Yet the ability to assess the quantitative performance of any given specific solution to make these measurements or classifications is not available.

Antimicrobial Resistance as Risk Factor for Recurrent Bacteremia after Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, or Klebsiella spp. Community-Onset Bacteremia.

We investigated links between antimicrobial resistance in community-onset bacteremia and 1-year bacteremia recurrence by using the clinical data warehouse of Europe's largest university hospital group in France. We included adult patients hospitalized with an incident community-onset Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, or Klebsiella spp. bacteremia during 2017-2019.

Measurement and Application of Incidentally Detected Coronary Calcium: JACC Review Topic of the Week.

Coronary artery calcium (CAC) scoring is a powerful tool for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk stratification. The nongated, noncontrast chest computed tomography scan (NCCT) has emerged as a source of CAC characterization with tremendous potential due to the high volume of NCCT scans. Application of incidental CAC characterization from NCCT has raised questions around score accuracy, standardization of methodology including the possibility of deep learning to automate the process, and the risk stratification potential of an NCCT-derived score.

Highlights 2023.

publishes novel research and technical developments in cardiac, thoracic, and vascular imaging. The journal published many innovative studies during 2023 and achieved an impact factor for the first time since its inaugural issue in 2019, with an impact factor of 7.0.

ACR Appropriateness Criteria® Congenital or Acquired Heart Disease.

Pediatric heart disease is a large and diverse field with an overall prevalence estimated at 6 to 13 per 1,000 live births. This document discusses appropriateness of advanced imaging for a broad range of variants. Diseases covered include tetralogy of Fallot, transposition of great arteries, congenital or acquired pediatric coronary artery abnormality, single ventricle, aortopathy, anomalous pulmonary venous return, aortopathy and aortic coarctation, with indications for advanced imaging spanning the entire natural history of the disease in children and adults, including initial diagnosis, treatment planning, treatment monitoring, and early detection of complications.

The current and future role of imaging of thoracic aortic disease: a North American society for cardiovascular imaging commentary on the 2022 AHA/ACC guidelines for the diagnosis and management of aortic disease.

The 2022 AHA/ACC Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Aortic Disease introduced important updates for managing thoracic aorta aortic disease (TAD). In particular, the Guidelines underscore multimodality imaging's role in diagnosis, risk assessment, and monitoring of patients with TAD. This commentary aims to distill key imaging aspects from the Guidelines to provide a concise reference for the cardiovascular imaging community.

Deep Learning for Detection of Pneumothorax and Pleural Effusion on Chest Radiographs: Validation Against Computed Tomography, Impact on Resident Reading Time, and Interreader Concordance.

Purpose: To study the performance of artificial intelligence (AI) for detecting pleural pathology on chest radiographs (CXRs) using computed tomography as ground truth.

Patients And Methods: Retrospective study of subjects undergoing CXR in various clinical settings. Computed tomography obtained within 24 hours of the CXR was used to volumetrically quantify pleural effusions (PEfs) and pneumothoraxes (Ptxs).

Standardized Medical Terminology for Cardiac Computed Tomography 2023 Update: An Expert Consensus Document of the Society of Cardiovascular Computed Tomography (SCCT), American Association of Physicists in Medicine (AAPM), American College of Radiology (ACR), North American Society for Cardiovascular Imaging (NASCI), and Radiological Society of North America (RSNA) with endorsement by the Asian Society of Cardiovascular Imaging (ASCI), the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging (EACI), and the European Society of Cardiovascular Radiology (ESCR).

Since the emergence of cardiac computed tomography (Cardiac CT) at the turn of the 21st century, there has been an exponential growth in research and clinical development of the technique, with contributions from investigators and clinicians from varied backgrounds: physics and engineering, informatics, cardiology, and radiology. However, terminology for the field is not unified. As a consequence, there are multiple abbreviations for some terms, multiple terms for some concepts, and some concepts that lack clear definitions and/or usage.

Comparative Effectiveness of Coronary CT Angiography and Standard of Care for Evaluating Acute Chest Pain: A Living Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Purpose: To perform a living systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials comparing the effectiveness of coronary CT angiography (CCTA) and standard of care (SOC) in the evaluation of acute chest pain (ACP).

Materials And Methods: Multiple electronic databases were systematically searched, with the most recent search conducted on October 31, 2022. Studies were stratified into two groups according to the pretest probability for acute coronary syndrome (group 1 with predominantly low-to-intermediate risk vs group 2 with high risk).

Standardized medical terminology for cardiac computed tomography 2023 update: An Expert Consensus Document of the Society of Cardiovascular Computed Tomography (SCCT), American Association of Physicists in Medicine (AAPM), American College of Radiology (ACR), North American Society for Cardiovascular Imaging (NASCI) and Radiological Society of North America (RSNA) with endorsement by the Asian Society of Cardiovascular Imaging (ASCI), the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging (EACI), and the European Society of Cardiovascular Radiology (ESCR).

Since the emergence of cardiac computed tomography (Cardiac CT) at the turn of the 21st century, there has been an exponential growth in research and clinical development of the technique, with contributions from investigators and clinicians from varied backgrounds: physics and engineering, informatics, cardiology, and radiology. However, terminology for the field is not unified. As a consequence, there are multiple abbreviations for some terms, multiple terms for some concepts, and some concepts that lack clear definitions and/or usage.

Highlights 2022.

Since its inaugural issue in 2019, has disseminated the latest scientific advances and technical developments in cardiac, vascular, and thoracic imaging. In this review, we highlight select articles published in this journal between October 2021 and October 2022. The scope of the review encompasses various aspects of coronary artery and congenital heart diseases, vascular diseases, thoracic imaging, and health services research.

ACR Appropriateness Criteria® Workup of Noncerebral Systemic Arterial Embolic Source.

Noncerebral systemic arterial embolism, which can originate from cardiac and noncardiac sources, is an important cause of patient morbidity and mortality. When an embolic source dislodges, the resulting embolus can occlude a variety of peripheral and visceral arteries causing ischemia. Characteristic locations for noncerebral arterial occlusion include the upper extremities, abdominal viscera, and lower extremities.

Update: Pictorial Guide to CAD-RADS 2.0.

.- Update articles supplement or update information found in full-length articles previously published in . These updates, written by at least one author of the previous article, provide a brief synopsis that emphasizes important new information such as technological advances, revised imaging protocols, new clinical guidelines involving imaging, or updated classification schemes.

Antimicrobial Resistance and Mortality in Hospitalized Patients with Bacteremia in the Greater Paris Area from 2016 to 2019.

Purpose: Antibiotic-resistant bacteremia is a leading global cause of infectious disease morbidity and mortality. Clinical data warehouses (CDWs) allow for the secure, real-time coupling of diverse data sources from real-world clinical settings, including care-based medical-administrative data and laboratory-based microbiological data. The main purpose of this study was to assess the contribution of CDWs in the epidemiological study of antibiotic resistance by constructing a database of bacteremia patients, BactHub, and describing their main clinico-microbiological features and outcomes.

ACR Appropriateness Criteria® Suspected Pulmonary Embolism: 2022 Update.

Pulmonary embolism (PE) remains a common and important clinical condition that cannot be accurately diagnosed on the basis of signs, symptoms, and history alone. The diagnosis of PE has been facilitated by technical advancements and multidetector CT pulmonary angiography, which is the major diagnostic modality currently used. Ventilation and perfusion scans remain largely accurate and useful in certain settings.

Vasculitis and familial Mediterranean fever: Description of 22 French adults from the juvenile inflammatory rheumatism cohort.

Objective: The frequency of vasculitis may be increased in patients with Familial Mediterranean Fever (FMF), according to several studies. Our aim was to assess the characteristics of French adult patients with both diseases.

Methods: Patients with vasculitis were selected from patients followed for FMF in the French JIR-cohort.

CAD-RADS™ 2.0 - 2022 Coronary Artery Disease-Reporting and Data System: An Expert Consensus Document of the Society of Cardiovascular Computed Tomography (SCCT), the American College of Cardiology (ACC), the American College of Radiology (ACR), and the North America Society of Cardiovascular Imaging (NASCI).

Coronary Artery Disease Reporting and Data System (CAD-RADS) was created to standardize reporting system for patients undergoing coronary CT angiography (CCTA) and to guide possible next steps in patient management. The goal of this updated 2022 CAD-RADS 2.0 is to improve the initial reporting system for CCTA by considering new technical developments in cardiac CT, including data from recent clinical trials and new clinical guidelines.

Early-stage COVID-19 pandemic observations on pulmonary embolism using nationwide multi-institutional data harvesting.

We introduce a multi-institutional data harvesting (MIDH) method for longitudinal observation of medical imaging utilization and reporting. By tracking both large-scale utilization and clinical imaging results data, the MIDH approach is targeted at measuring surrogates for important disease-related observational quantities over time. To quantitatively investigate its clinical applicability, we performed a retrospective multi-institutional study encompassing 13 healthcare systems throughout the United States before and after the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic.