A comparative study for ferro particles cloaking and wetting characteristics.

Ferro hydrophobic particles possess essential properties for controlling the behavior of suspended substances in water. By adjusting the concentration of these particles, the magnetic force within the fluid carrier can be modified, leading to the emergence of distinct flow structures and patterns on the water's surface. This study examines the cloaking phenomenon exhibited by different ferroparticle conditions, employing both experimental and numerical approaches.

Dynamics of droplet motion over hydrophobic surfaces with functionalized and non-functionalized ferro particles.

Dynamically manipulating droplet motion on hydrophobic surfaces is crucial in various fields, including biomedical, sensing, actuation, and oil-water separation applications. Ferrofluid droplets can be manipulated and controlled using external magnetic forces. The creation of ferrofluids involves multiple procedures that can affect the functionality and stability of droplet manipulation, limiting their use in sustainable applications.

Dust mitigation by a water droplet in between movable and modified wetting states surfaces.

A novel approach for mitigating environmental dust from hydrophobic surfaces using a water droplet is presented. A sessile droplet is sandwiched between two parallel plates, one of which is moveable and hydrophilic while the other is stationary and hydrophobic. Investigations are conducted into how plate spacing affects the dust mitigation rate and the droplet's level motion.

Cost-effectiveness of dolutegravir vs. efavirenz-based combined antiretroviral therapies in HIV-infected treatment-naive patients in a Nigerian treatment centre.

Background: Dolutegravir (DTG) based antiretroviral therapy (ART) has largely replaced Efavirenz (EFV) based therapy as the preferred first-line regimen in the treatment of adults with HIV. This study was carried out to evaluate the comparative cost-effectiveness of DTG and EFV-based ART in HIV-infected treatment-naïve patients in a treatment centre in Nigeria.

Methods: This was a retrospective case-control study of patients initiated on DTG vs.

Image-Based Awareness Campaign and Community Mobilization in the Control of Schistosomiasis.

Community awareness and participation in mass screening is critical for schistosomiasis control. This study assessed the impact of sharing anonymized image-based positive test results on the uptake of screening during community mobilization outreach. We conducted an observational study to compare the population response to standard and image-based strategies in 14 communities in Abuja, Nigeria.

Water droplet behavior in between hydrophilic and hydrophobic surfaces and dust mitigation.

An innovative method is introduced for environmental dust mitigation from a hydrophobic surface by a sessile water droplet. The sessile water droplet is located between two parallel plates having hydrophilic (at the top) and hydrophobic (at the bottom) states. The water droplet is located at the top hydrophilic plate, and the effect of the plate spacing on dust mitigation rate is examined.

A Material-by-Design Approach to Develop Ceramic- and Metallic-Particle-Reinforced Ca-α-SiAlON Composites for Improved Thermal and Structural Properties.

α-SiAlON is commonly used to machine superalloys owing to its desirable thermal and structural properties. α-SiAlON is among the crystalline forms of SiAlON and has more favorable properties than β-SiAlON. However, it becomes fragile during the machining of hard-to-cut materials due to its low fracture toughness and machinability.

Thermo-mechanical properties prediction of Ni-reinforced AlO composites using micro-mechanics based representative volume elements.

For effective cutting tool inserts that absorb thermal shock at varying temperature gradients, improved thermal conductivity and toughness are required. In addition, parameters such as the coefficient of thermal expansion must be kept within a reasonable range. This work presents a novel material design framework based on a multi-scale modeling approach that proposes nickel (Ni)-reinforced alumina (AlO) composites to tailor the mechanical and thermal properties required for ceramic cutting tools by considering numerous composite parameters.

Droplet motion on sonically excited hydrophobic meshes.

The sonic excitation of the liquid droplet on a hydrophobic mesh surface gives rise to a different oscillation behavior than that of the flat hydrophobic surface having the same contact angle. To assess the droplet oscillatory behavior over the hydrophobic mesh, the droplet motion is examined under the external sonic excitations for various mesh screen aperture ratios. An experiment is carried out and the droplet motion is recorded by a high-speed facility.

Sliding and Rolling Motion of a Ferro-Liquid Droplet on the Hydrophobic Surface under Magnetic Influence.

The ferro-liquid droplet manipulation on hydrophobic surfaces remains vital for various applications in biomedicine, sensors and actuators, and oil-water separation. The magnetic influence of ferro-liquid droplets on the hydrophobic surface is elucidated. The mechanisms of a newborn droplet formation under the magnetic force are explored.

Nanowall Textured Hydrophobic Surfaces and Liquid Droplet Impact.

Water droplet impact on nanowires/nanowalls' textured hydrophobic silicon surfaces was examined by assessing the influence of texture on the droplet impact dynamics. Silicon wafer surfaces were treated, resulting in closely packed nanowire/nanowall textures with an average spacing and height of 130 nm and 10.45 μm, respectively.

Liquid droplet impact on a sonically excited thin membrane.

The characteristics of droplet impact on hydrophobic surfaces can be altered by introducing surface oscillations. The contact duration, spreading, retraction, and rebounding behaviors of the impacting water droplet are examined at various sonic excitation frequencies of the hydrophobic membrane. Membrane oscillation and droplet behavior are analyzed by utilizing a high-speed camera.

Water droplet can mitigate dust from hydrophobized micro-post array surfaces.

Water droplet rolling motion over the hydrophobized and optically transparent micro-post array surfaces is examined towards dust removal pertinent to self-cleaning applications. Micro-post arrays are replicated over the optically transparent polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) surfaces. The influence of micro-post array spacing on droplet rolling dynamics is explored for clean and dusty surfaces.

How do patients prefer specialized clinical pharmacy service to other prevention of mother-to-child transmission of human immunodeficiency virus services? An evaluation of their willingness to pay and willingness to accept choices and ratios.

What Is Known And Objective: Donor agencies provide most of the funds for HIV services in developing countries. Due to the global economic downturn, there has been a reduction in funding for HIV-related services in Nigeria. This study compared the willingness to pay (WTP)-willingness to accept (WTA) ratios for prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) services to specialized clinical pharmacy services among patients of two Nigerian hospitals.

On the mechanism of droplet rolling and spinning in inclined hydrophobic plates in wedge with different wetting states.

A water droplet rolling and spinning in an inclined hydrophobic wedge with different wetting states of wedge plates is examined pertinent to self-cleaning applications. The droplet motion in the hydrophobic wedge is simulated in 3D space incorporating the experimental data. A high-speed recording system is used to store the motion of droplets in 3D space and a tracker program is utilized to quantify the recorded data in terms of droplet translational, rotational, spinning, and slipping velocities.

Hydrophobized metallic meshes can ease water droplet rolling.

Rolling liquid droplets are of great interest for various applications including self-cleaning of surfaces. Interfacial resistance, in terms of pinning and shear rate, has a critical role in droplet rolling dynamics on hydrophobic surfaces. Lowering the interfacial resistance requires reducing the droplet wetting length and droplet fluid contact area on hydrophobic surfaces.

Droplet Rolling Dynamics over a Hydrophobic Surface with a Minute Width Channel.

Unidirectional and stabilize droplet rolling over hydrophobic surfaces is critical for self-cleaning applications of large areas. Introducing minute size channels on hydrophobic surfaces in the droplet rolling direction can minimize droplet wobbling and enables unidirectional rolling. The droplet rolling behavior over an inclined hydrophobic surface having a minute size channel is investigated.

Solution Crystallization of Polycarbonate Surfaces for Hydrophobic State: Water Droplet Dynamics and Life Cycle Assessment towards Self-Cleaning Applications.

Polycarbonate sheets are optically transparent and have the potential to be used as one of the cover materials for PV applications. Solution treatment of polycarbonate surfaces enables to create surface texture topology giving rise to a hydrophobic state, which is favorable for self-cleaning applications. In the present study, hydrophobization of polycarbonate surface is investigated via crystallization of surface by a one-step process.

On the Mechanism of Human Saliva Interaction with Environmental Dust in Relation to Spreading of Viruses.

Environmental effects such as dust mitigation can amplify the spread of viruses via inhaling infected dust particles. Infusion and the spreading rate of human saliva over the dust particles can play a critical role in contiguous virus spread. In the present study, mechanical and chemical interactions of human saliva with environmental dust particles are considered.

Impacting Water Droplets Can Alleviate Dust from Slanted Hydrophobic Surfaces.

Water droplet impacting on a slanted dusty hydrophobic surface is examined in relation to dust mitigation from surfaces. Impacting droplet characteristics including droplet spreading/retraction rates, slipping length, and rebound heights are analyzed via high-speed recording and a tracker program. The environmental dust characteristics in terms of size, shape, elemental composition, and surface free energy are evaluated by adopting the analytical methods.

Sliding Water Droplet on Oil Impregnated Surface and Dust Particle Mitigation.

Self-cleaning of surfaces becomes challenging for energy harvesting devices because of the requirements of high optical transmittance of device surfaces. Surface texturing towards hydrophobizing can improve the self-cleaning ability of surfaces, yet lowers the optical transmittance. Introducing optical matching fluid, such as silicon oil, over the hydrophobized surface improves the optical transmittance.

Avalanche effect for chemically modified dust mitigation from surfaces.

Cost effective dust mitigation from surfaces is one of the challenges in various sectors. The reduction of dust adhesion on surfaces plays a vital role for dust mitigation from surfaces under the gravitational influence. Creating an avalanche effect on dusty surfaces improves the dust mitigation rate and provides an effective cleaning process.

Environmental dust repelling from hydrophilic/hydrophobic surfaces under sonic excitations.

Dust repelling from transparent polyvinyl chloride film surface via sonic excitation is examined and dynamics of repelled (inflight) dust particles are analyzed. An experimental rig is designed and built to assess the vibrational characteristics of the polyvinyl chloride film at different frequencies of sonic excitation. A high speed recording system and tracking program are utilized monitoring and evaluating the dynamics of the inflight particles.

Environmental dust repelling from hydrophobic and hydrophilic surfaces under vibrational excitation.

Mitigation of environmental dust from surfaces becomes one of the challenges for maintaining the optical characteristics of surfaces. Dust repelling from hydrophobic and hydrophilic surfaces under vibrational excitation is investigated and the percentage of dust repelled from surfaces is evaluated. The characteristics of the dust particles are examined and dust adhesion on surfaces under molecular forces (van der Walls) is explored.

Adhesion characteristics of solution treated environmental dust.

Environmental dust is modified towards self-cleaning applications under the gravitational influence. Dust particles are collected in the local area of Dammam in Saudi Arabia and they are treated with a dilute hydrofluoric acid solution. The changes in chemical and adhesion characteristics of the dust particles prior and after the solution treatment are analyzed.