A Case Report of Belly Dancer Dyskinesia in a 54 Years Old Female: Gastroenterology Meets Neurology.

Dyskinesia limited only to the axial musculature is very rare, and if it is localized to the anterior abdominal wall, it is called belly dancer's dyskinesia. Despite reports of variable clinical characteristics, a common feature is a myriad of involuntary, repetitive, sometimes painful, and often rhythmic movements of the anterior abdominal wall, with the majority being bilateral, resembling that of a belly dancer. As the symptom is mainly localized to the abdomen, patients could visit a gastroenterology service thinking it might be associated with underlying visceral pathology.

Increasing Burden of Acute Hepatitis A among Ethiopian Children, Adolescents, and Young adults: A Change in Epidemiological Pattern and Need for Hepatitis A Vaccine.

Background: Hepatitis A is a vaccine-preventable, feco-oral infection due to poor sanitary conditions. It is predominantly acquired during early childhood and results in lasting acquired protective immunity. However, it results in severe disease which can end up in acute fulminant hepatitis and hepatic failure when acquired during adolescence and adulthood.

Acquired Hepatocerebral Degeneration After a Splenorenal Shunt in the Sub-Saharan Africa Context: A Case Report and Brief Review of Literature.

Acquired hepatocerebral degeneration (AHD) is a neurologic syndrome caused by liver dysfunction and long-standing portosystemic shunting. The pathogenesis of the condition is predominantly considered to be related to the deposition of manganese in parts of the brain due to shunting. We report a case of a 25-year-old male who underwent splenectomy and splenorenal shunt for recurrent upper GI bleeding (UGIB) due to esophageal varices caused by non-cirrhotic portal hypertension (NCPH).

Drug-induced esophageal injuries with an atypical presentation mimicking acute coronary syndrome.

Background: Pill-induced esophageal injury may cause severe complications if not diagnosed in a timely fashion. The condition is under-recognized and under-reported, and some patients present with atypical clinical or endoscopic features mimicking other common conditions. If the diagnosis is missed the patient will continue to take the offending drug, potentially worsening the illness.

Treatment of Hepatitis C Genotypes 1 to 5 in Sub-Saharan Africa Using Direct-Acting Antivirals.

There is limited knowledge of the use of direct acting antivirals (DAAs) for the treatment of hepatitis C virus (HCV) in sub-Saharan Africa. We prospectively evaluated individuals infected with HCV genotypes 1 to 5 in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Liver fibrosis was assessed by AST-platelet ratio index score and cirrhosis by imaging and laboratory values.

Single center analysis of therapy and outcomes of hepatocellular carcinoma in Sub-Saharan Africa.

Purpose: To evaluate the characteristics and response to therapy for HCC in sub-Saharan Africa.

Patients And Methods: We retrospectively evaluated demographic, clinical and outcome variables of HCC in a referral clinic in Ethiopia from 2016 to 2018. Survival assessment was performed using the Mann-Whitney test.

Prevalence of human papillomavirus and in esophageal and gastroesophageal junction cancer biopsies from a case-control study in Ethiopia.

Background: Ethiopia lies in the high-risk corridor of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in East Africa, where individuals with this malignancy often do not report established risk factors, suggesting unidentified etiologies. Here, we report the prevalence of mucosal human papillomavirus (HPV) and of () detection in endoscopy-obtained esophageal and gastroesophageal junction biopsies and in oral cell specimens taken at the time of esophageal cancer diagnosis in a case-control study in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

Methods: DNA extraction was performed from fresh frozen tissue and oral cell pellets obtained with saline solution gargling subsequently fixed with ethanol.

Qat use and esophageal cancer in Ethiopia: A pilot case-control study.

Background: Qat (Catha edulis) chewing is reported to induce lesions in the buccal mucosa, irritation of the esophagus, and esophageal reflux. Case series suggest a possible etiological role in oral and esophageal cancers. This pilot study aimed to generate preliminary estimates of the magnitude and direction of the association between qat use and esophageal cancer (EC) risk and to inform the logistics required to conduct a multi-center case-control study.

Chronic viral hepatitis: policy, regulation, and strategies for its control and elimination in Ethiopia.

Background: Hepatitis B and C are silent killers not yet recognized as major public health challenges in many developing countries with huge disease burden. In Ethiopia, Hepatitis B is endemic with an average prevalence of 10.8 %, and the prevalence of Hepatitis C is 2 %.

COMMON GENOTYPES AND TREATMENT OUTCOMES OF HCV INFECTION AMONG ETHIOPIAN PATIENTS: A PROSPECTIVE STUDY.

Background: The treatment response of HCV infection is dependent on genotype and stage of the disease. However, genotype pattern and treatment outcomes of HCV infection among Ethiopian patients has not been studied so far.

Objectives: To evaluate the common HCV genotypes and treatment outcomes among Ethiopian adult patients.

A 60 year old Ethiopian farmer diagnosed with tick paralysis at Adera Medical Center.

A 60 year old farmer from west Shewa in Ethiopia presented on February 13 2014, with right arm flaccid monoplegia after bitten by a tick stuck to his right arm pit. The case was initially misdiagnosed as cellulitis. To our knowledge, tick paralysis has not been reported from Ethiopia.

Epidemic dropsy: case report and the morphologic features in a patient who died at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital.

Epidemic dropsy results from the consumption of edible oils adulterated with argemone mexicana oil. In a 2008 epidemic in Addis Ababa five patients died and in one of these a partial autopsy has been performed. The clinical impression of acute respiratory distress syndrome has been confirmed by the demonstration of massive diffuse alveolar damage.

Outbreak investigation of epidemic dropsy in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia:

Background: A 17 year old female patient who presented to a tertiary Hospital in Addis Ababa with bilateral painful leg swelling of two months and shortness of breath, associated with cough and haemoptysis of one week duration was reported to the Ministry of Health and the Addis Ababa Health Bureau. The condition was later detected in 18 individuals from 4 households indicating occurrence of an outbreak of unknown cause in Addis Ababa which lasted during May-July 2008.

Objective: An outbreak investigation was initiated to identify the cause and prevent further spread, morbidity and mortality.

Outbreak of epidemic dropsy in Ethiopia: the clinical and therapeutic observation.

Introduction: Epidemic dropsy results from ingestion of argemone oil contaminated food staffs. The oil from Argemone Mexican seeds contains toxic alkaloids called sanguinarine and dehydrosangunarine. These cause wide spread capillary dilatation, proliferation and leakages.

Veno-occlusive liver disease: a case report.

A case of veno-occlusive liver disease (VOLD) in a 12-years old Ethiopian boy is described The salient clinical features and gross and microscopic examination of biopsy material are reviewed. Veno-occlusive disease which occurs in the West Indies, East and West Africa, and India is an acute, subacute or chronic condition that affects the central and sublobular hepatic veins. In the West Indies (1) it is related to the consumption of bush tea made from plants that contain toxic pyrrolizidine alkaloids, such as Crotalaria and Senecio (2).

An outbreak of veno-occlusive liver disease in northern Ethiopia, clinical findings.

Background: Following the emergence of an unidentified fatal disease in Tahtay Koraro, rural farmers' village in Tigray, northern Ethiopia since 2001, a team of experts from Addis Ababa University Medical Faculty was assigned in November 2005, to investigate the problem in the field. The team consisted of an Infectious disease specialist, a Gastroenterologist, an Epidemiologist, a Pathologist, and a Microbiologist. The team was also joined by a group of Tigray Regional Health Bureauprofessionals.

An epidemiological study into the investigation of liver disease of unknown origin in a rural community of northern Ethiopia, 2005.

Background: An outbreak of an unidentified cause of liver disease that claimed the lives of more than 45 people occurred in a rural community, in Northwestern Tigray. Despite the wider need for an urgent response there was no obvious explanation for the disease occurrence.

Objective: The aim of the study was to collect basic descriptive information and compare exposure status among case and control house-holds to better understand the illness and its pattern of occurrence so as to identify the sources, mode of transmission and possible cause of the illness.

Association of dyspepsia symptoms and Helicobacter pylori infections in private higher clinic, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

Background: The discovery of Helicobacter pylori [H. pylori] by Marshall and Warren revealed that, this organism has been implicated as the main etiological agent in the development of acute and chronic active gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, gastric cancer and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue [MALT] lymphoma in humans. Recent estimates suggest that 50% of the world's population is infected with this gastric bacterium.

Budd-Chiari syndrome.

Unlabelled: A 16-year-old Ethiopian male patient presented with 18 months history of anasarca, anemia & hepatomegaly associated with hypoprothrombinemia, and diagnosed to have Budd-Chiari syndrome (BCS). The patient responded markedly to medical therapy with diuretics, anticoagulation and salt restriction. The clinical features and treatment of BCS is briefly reviewed and discussed.

Pattern of upper gastrointestinal tumors at Tikur Anbessa Teaching Hospital in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: a ten-year review.

Background: Due to lack of public awareness and cancer surveillance, patients in developing countries usually present with advanced and terminal malignancies. The absence of early diagnostic facilities and standard chemotherapeutic and radiotherapy services in low-income countries further confound the problem in the care of such patients. Moreover, the prevalence of cancers (including upper GI malignancies) is unknown in Ethiopia due to lack of national cancer registry.