Prevalence of probable post-traumatic stress disorder and experiences of trauma in emerging adults living with HIV in Zimbabwe.

Background: Little is known about the prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in emerging adults living with HIV in low-income countries.

Aims: Determine prevalence of trauma exposure, prevalence of probable PTSD and conditional prevalence of probable PTSD for different traumatic events; and better understand the experiences of individuals with HIV and PTSD.

Method: This mixed method study used secondary data from a cross-sectional survey of people ( = 222) aged 18 to 29 living with HIV in Zimbabwe and primary qualitative data collection.

Approach in inputs & outputs selection of Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) efficiency measurement in hospitals: A systematic review.

The efficiency and productivity evaluation process commonly employs Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) as a performance tool in numerous fields, such as the healthcare industry (hospitals). Therefore, this review examined various hospital-based DEA articles involving input and output variable selection approaches and the recent DEA developments. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) methodology was utilised to extract 89 English articles containing empirical data between 2014 and 2022 from various databases (Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Springer Link, and Google Scholar).

Parametric Optimization of FDM Process for PA12-CF Parts Using Integrated Response Surface Methodology, Grey Relational Analysis, and Grey Wolf Optimization.

Efficiently managing multiple process parameters is critical for achieving optimal performance in additive manufacturing. This study investigates the relationship between eight key parameters in fused deposition modeling (FDM) and their impact on responses like average surface roughness (Ra), tensile strength (TS), and flexural strength (FS) of carbon fiber-reinforced polyamide 12 (PA 12-CF) material. The study integrates response surface methodology (RSM), grey relational analysis (GRA), and grey wolf optimization (GWO) to achieve this goal.

Depressed mood as a transdiagnostic target relevant to anxiety and/or psychosis: a scoping review protocol.

Introduction: Depressed mood is a psychological state characterised by sadness or loss of interest in activities. Depressed mood is a highly prevalent symptom across major mental disorders. However, there is limited understanding of the burden and management of comorbid depressed mood across major mental disorders.

"What if I got rejected by the girl? I would rather stop the pills": barriers and facilitators of adherence to antiretroviral therapy for emerging adults aged 18-29 living with HIV in Zimbabwe.

Emerging adults aged 18-29 have high rates of viral non-suppression, and poorer adherence to ART when compared to older adults. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 24 emerging adults in Zimbabwe who had a recent history of viral non-suppression, to explore barriers and facilitators of adherence to ART. Interviews were coded using inductive thematic analysis.

Rural Friendship Bench: A qualitative study in Zaka district, Zimbabwe.

Background: We piloted the Friendship Bench-an evidence-based, urban-area task sharing intervention for common mental disorders-in rural Zimbabwe. The intervention combines problem solving therapy with income generating activities. This study sought to understand the intervention's implementation in terms of acceptability, feasibility, and sustainability as well as local attitudes towards mental wellbeing in rural Zimbabwe.

Machine learning based predictive model of Type 2 diabetes complications using Malaysian National Diabetes Registry: A study protocol.

Background: The prevalence of diabetes in Malaysia is increasing, and identifying patients with higher risk of complications is crucial for effective management. The use of machine learning (ML) to develop prediction models has been shown to outperform non-ML models. This study aims to develop predictive models for Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) complications in Malaysia using ML techniques.

Effect of a brief psychological intervention for common mental disorders on HIV viral suppression: A non-randomised controlled study of the Friendship Bench in Zimbabwe.

Background: For people living with co-morbid HIV and common mental disorders (CMD), it is not known whether a brief psychological intervention for CMD can improve HIV viral suppression.

Methods: We conducted a prospective cohort study in eight primary care clinics in Harare, Zimbabwe, enrolling adults with co-morbid HIV and CMD. Six clinics provided the Friendship Bench (FB), a brief psychological intervention for CMD based on problem-solving therapy, delivered by lay counsellors.

Toward an integrated approach for mental health and psychosocial support and peacebuilding in North-East Nigeria: programme description and preliminary outcomes from 'Counselling on Wheels'.

Background: Despite theoretical support for including mental health and psychosocial support (MHPSS) with peacebuilding, few programmes in conflict-affected regions fully integrate these approaches.

Aims: To describe and assess preliminary outcomes of the Counselling on Wheels programme delivered by the NEEM Foundation in the Borno State of North-East Nigeria.

Method: We first describe the components of the Counselling on Wheels programme, including education and advocacy for peace and social cohesion through community peacebuilding partnerships and activities, and an MHPSS intervention open to all adults, delivered in groups of eight to ten people.

Reliability and validity of the Shona version of the Exercise Benefits and Barriers Scale in Zimbabwean adult people living with HIV/AIDS.

Introduction: Despite the widely known benefits of physical activity (PA), only 25% of people living with HIV (PLHIV) meet the WHO-recommended minimum PA levels. Consequently, it is essential to understand PA barriers and facilitators using objective measures. Although the Exercise Benefits and Barriers Scale (EBBS) is extensively used, its psychometric evidence is fragmented and has not been previously validated in PLHIV.

Cognitive performance in depression in low- and middle-income countries: A systematic review with meta-analytic components.

Background: Depression is highly prevalent in low- and middle- income countries (LMIC) and associated with significant cognitive dysfunction across multiple domains. However, little is known about neurocognitive tests used in people with depression in LMIC. We aimed to investigate cognitive performance and cognitive tests in depression research in LMIC.

Analyzing Surface Roughness Variations in Material Extrusion Additive Manufacturing of Nylon Carbon Fiber Composites.

In recent years, fused deposition modeling (FDM) based on material extrusion additive manufacturing technology has become widely accepted as a cost-effective method for fabricating engineering components with net-shapes. However, the limited exploration of the influence of FDM process parameters on surface roughness parameters, i.e.

The impact of working alliance in managing youth anxiety and depression: a scoping review.

A working alliance (WA) is a multidimensional construct signifying a collaborative relationship between a client and a therapist. Systematic reviews of therapies to treat depression and anxiety, almost exclusively in adults, show WA is essential across psychotherapies. However, there are critical gaps in our understanding of the importance of WA in low-intensity therapies for young people with depression and anxiety.

Psychosocial interventions to improve the mental health of survivors of human trafficking: a realist review.

More than 50 million people globally are subjected to modern slavery and human trafficking. Adverse mental health consequences of extreme exploitation are prevalent and often severe. We conducted a systematic and realist review on evaluations of psychosocial interventions for survivors of human trafficking.

Prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder and validity of the Impact of Events Scale - Revised in primary care in Zimbabwe, a non-war-affected African country.

Background: A critical step in research on the epidemiology of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in low-resource settings is the validation of brief self-reported psychometric tools available in the public domain, such as the Impact Event Scale - Revised (IES-R).

Aims: We aimed to investigate the validity of the IES-R in a primary healthcare setting in Harare, Zimbabwe.

Method: We analysed data from a survey of 264 consecutively sampled adults (mean age 38 years; 78% female).

Detection of Leishmania donovani using ITS1-RFLP from positive and negative smear samples among clinically reported patients visiting University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital.

Background: Visceral leishmaniasis is caused by the Leishmania donovani species complex that can spread to internal organs and leading to death if not treated on time. Diagnosis of leishmaniasis is based on clinical signs and symptoms, microscopy, serological and molecular techniques. Because of a broad spectrum of diverse clinical manifestations and similarities of the responses to different species, identification to the species level is often difficult for the proper patient treatment and management.

Task-sharing with lay counsellors to deliver a stepped care intervention to improve depression, antiretroviral therapy adherence and viral suppression in people living with HIV: a study protocol for the TENDAI randomised controlled trial.

Introduction: Non-adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) is the main cause of viral non-suppression and its risk is increased by depression. In countries with high burden of HIV, there is a lack of trained professionals to deliver depression treatments. This paper describes the protocol for a 2-arm parallel group superiority 1:1 randomised controlled trial, to test the effectiveness and cost effectiveness of the TENDAI stepped care task-shifted intervention for depression, ART non-adherence and HIV viral suppression delivered by lay interventionists.

The ameliorating role of sofosbuvir and daclatasvir on thioacetamide-induced kidney injury in adult albino rats.

Thioacetamide (TAA) exposure and hepatitis C virus infection are usually associated with renal dysfunction. Sofosbuvir (SFV) and daclatasvir (DAC) drugs combination has great value in the treatment of hepatitis C. The study aimed to identify the nephrotoxic effects of TAA and to evaluate the ameliorative role of SFV and DAC in this condition.

Dwarf Kingfisher-Inspired Bionic Flapping Wing and Its Aerodynamic Performance at Lowest Flight Speed.

This paper aims to understand the aerodynamic performance of a bio-inspired flapping-wing model using the dwarf Kingfisher wing as the bionic reference. The paper demonstrates the numerical investigation of the Kingfisher-inspired flapping-wing followed by experimental validation to comprehend the results fully and examine the aerodynamic characteristics at a flight velocity of 4.4 m/s, with wingbeat frequencies of 11 Hz, 16 Hz, and 21 Hz, at various angles of rotation ranging from 0° to 20° for each stroke cycle.

Parametric Investigation and Optimization to Study the Effect of Process Parameters on the Dimensional Deviation of Fused Deposition Modeling of 3D Printed Parts.

Fused deposition modeling (FDM) is the most economical additive manufacturing (AM) technology available for fabricating complex part geometries. However, the involvement of numerous control process parameters and dimensional instabilities are challenges of FDM. Therefore, this study investigated the effect of 3D printing parameters on dimensional deviations, including the length, width, height, and angle of polylactic acid (PLA) printed parts.

Staged Reconstruction for Humeral Osteomyelitis after Severe Crush Injury of the Shoulder: A Case Report.

The incidence of humeral osteomyelitis is relatively rare as compared to incidence of lower limb osteomyelitis. Despite having no guideline in the management of humeral osteomyelitis, surgeons have utilised their experience in managing lower limb osteomyelitis to treat humeral osteomyelitis. By adhering to principles including thorough debridement of necrotic bone and soft tissue, staged bony and/or soft tissue reconstruction, and targeted antimicrobial therapy, a good outcome can be achieved in the management of humeral osteomyelitis.

Effect of acute depression associated with COVID-19 infection on health-seeking behaviour: a psychiatrist's personal account and case report.

Background: Despite the abundant research on COVID-19-related mental health problems, little attention has been paid to acute depression occurring concurrently with the infection as a neuropsychiatric manifestation. This is important because depression is known to adversely affect help-seeking. Decreased help-seeking is likely to be aggravated by the isolation measures demanded as part of fighting the pandemic, given the disruption of social support networks.

Parametric Study and Optimization of End-Milling Operation of AISI 1522H Steel Using Definitive Screening Design and Multi-Criteria Decision-Making Approach.

End-milling operation of steel grade material is a challenging task as it is hard-to-cut material. Proper selection of cutting tools, cutting conditions, and cutting process parameters is important to improve productivity, surface quality, and tool life. Therefore, the present study investigated the end-milling operation of AISI 1522H steel grade under minimum-quantity lubrication (MQL) conditions using a novel blend of vegetable oils, namely canola and olive oil.