A Comparative Study of a Small Series of Patients (50 Patients) with Pelvic Varicose Veins Treated with Plugs Alone or Plugs and Polidocanol.

Level Of Evidence: Level 2.

Purpose: To compare the safety and efficacy of vascular plug (VP) and vascular plug and polidocanol foam (VPPF) treatments for embolization in pelvic congestion syndrome (PCS).

Materials And Methods: A comparative, prospective, two-center study enrolled 50 women with PCS from January 2019 to January 2020.

Ibero-American Society of Interventionism (SIDI) and the Spanish Society of Vascular and Interventional Radiology (SERVEI) Standard of Practice (SOP) for the Management of Inferior Vena Cava Filters in the Treatment of Acute Venous Thromboembolism.

Objectives: to present an interventional radiology standard of practice on the use of inferior vena cava filters (IVCFs) in patients with or at risk to develop venous thromboembolism (VTE) from the Iberoamerican Interventional Society (SIDI) and Spanish Vascular and Interventional Radiology Society (SERVEI).

Methods: a group of twenty-two interventional radiologist experts, from the SIDI and SERVEI societies, attended online meetings to develop a current clinical practice guideline on the proper indication for the placement and retrieval of IVCFs. A broad review was undertaken to determine the participation of interventional radiologists in the current guidelines and a consensus on inferior vena cava filters.

Venous Doppler ultrasound in critically Ill COVID-19 patients: game changer in anticoagulation therapy.

Background: COVID-19 infection has been associated with a high rate of thrombotic events, such as deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and acute pulmonary embolism (APE).

Methods: The purpose of our retrospective study was to evaluate the prevalence of asymptomatic DVT in lower limbs in critically ill COVID-19 patients (n = 23) with severe respiratory failure and high levels of D-dimer by bedside Doppler ultrasound (DU).

Results: DVT was diagnosed in 14 cases (60.

Future scenarios and opportunities for interventional radiology in the post COVID-19 era.

Pandemic outbreak has led health systems worldwide into a rapid reorganization in response to coronavirus infections, forcing interventional radiology units to adapt. Interventional procedures have evolved in number, type and setting and have arguably been optimized as a direct consequence of this pandemic; a result that will undoubtedly lead to radical change within the specialty. This paper explores the future of interventional radiology from various perspectives, and forecasts the new opportunities that will be presented, from the adaptation of the interventional radiology staff and angiography suite, to the immunological environment, and through to digital medical education.

COVID-19 Outbreak: Infection Control and Management Protocol for Vascular and Interventional Radiology Departments-Consensus Document.

COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2 virus) pandemic was recently declared by the WHO as a global health emergency. A group of interventional radiology senior experts developed a consensus document for infection control and management of patients with COVID-19 in interventional radiology (IR) departments. This consensus statement has been brought together at short notice with the help of different protocols developed by governmental entities and scientific societies to be adapted to the current reality and needs of IR Departments.

Endovascular Management of a Giant High-Flow Lower Limb Arteriovenous Malformation.

Purpose: High-flow arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) may pose a challenge for endovascular treatment due to high-flow rates. Incomplete treatment, recurrence, or even worsening can occur if a proper management is not performed. We report a case successfully treated with endovascular therapy.

Pharmacokinetic Evaluation of Two Paclitaxel-Coated Balloons with Different Drug Load in a Short-Term Porcine Study.

Purpose: The aim of the study was to evaluate the pharmacokinetics and tissue absorption of 2 paclitaxel (PTX) drug-coated balloons (DCB) using different drug loads in a porcine-injured iliac artery model.

Materials And Methods: Twenty-eight pigs were randomized into 2 groups. In group B1, angioplasty was performed with a 1.

Long-term follow-up of patients with post-traumatic refractory high intracranial pressure treated with lumbar drainage.

Drainage of cerebrospinal fluid by means of external lumbar drainage (ELD) is controversial in the adult population with traumatic brain injury. We report our experience with ELD in the treatment of post-traumatic high intracranial pressure (ICP) and the results of the long-term follow-up in these patients. We undertook clinical evaluation of 30 patients with traumatic brain injury and high ICP treated with second-tier measures or with first-tier measures if second-tier measures were contraindicated.

Lack of correlation among intracerebral cytokines, intracranial pressure, and brain tissue oxygenation in patients with traumatic brain injury and diffuse lesions.

Objectives: To determine the evolution of cytokine patterns using microdialysis in patients with traumatic brain injury with diffuse lesions and to study the relationship between cytokines and intracranial pressure, brain tissue oxygenation and lesion type on the computed cranial tomography scan (patients with and without brain swelling).

Design: Prospective and observational study.

Setting: Third-level university hospital.

Correlation between brain interstitial and total serum cortisol levels in traumatic brain injury. A preliminary study.

Introduction: Brain cortisol availability has never been evaluated in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI). Cerebral microdialysis is a well-established technique for monitoring brain metabolism in neurocritically ill patients, which may be used to measure interstitial cortisol. The objective of this preliminary study was to measure brain interstitial cortisol and its correlation with total serum cortisol in patients with TBI.

Loss of cortisol circadian rhythm in patients with traumatic brain injury: a microdialysis evaluation.

Background: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is commonly associated with disturbances of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis secretion. Cerebral microdialysis techniques have been recently applied to measure brain interstitial cortisol levels.

Methods: We evaluated for the first time the circadian rhythm of cortisol secretion at 08:00, 16:00, and 24:00 h in the acute phase of TBI by determination of total serum and brain interstitial cortisol levels (microdialysis samples) in 10 patients with TBI.

[Study of a brain microcirculation in cranioencephalic trauma using the Side Stream Field (SDF) system].

Posttraumatic tissular hypoxia can be due to multiple causes, including microcirculation disturbances, which can be studied with the SDF (Side Stream Dark Field) system. This system is based on a small hand-held microscope that eliminates directly reflected green polarised light from an organ surface using an orthogonal analyser. It offers clear images of red and white blood cells flow through microcirculation.

Contrast-enhanced transcranial color sonography in the diagnosis of cerebral circulatory arrest.

Objective: We sought to determine the utility of constrat-enhanced transcranial color sonography (TCCS) in the diagnosis of cerebral circulatory arrest in cases of difficult acoustic window.

Materials And Methods: From January 2007 to July 2008, we prospectively studied 50 patients who fulfilled clinical criteria of brain death. In all cases, we performed TCCS aiming to insonate both middle cerebral arteries (MCA) and the basilar artery (BA).

Pentobarbital versus thiopental in the treatment of refractory intracranial hypertension in patients with traumatic brain injury: a randomized controlled trial.

Introduction: Experimental research has demonstrated that the level of neuroprotection conferred by the various barbiturates is not equal. Until now no controlled studies have been conducted to compare their effectiveness, even though the Brain Trauma Foundation Guidelines recommend that such studies be undertaken. The objectives of the present study were to assess the effectiveness of pentobarbital and thiopental in terms of controlling refractory intracranial hypertension in patients with severe traumatic brain injury, and to evaluate the adverse effects of treatment.

Ultrasonographic cerebral perfusion in assessment of brain death: a preliminary study.

Objective: The purpose of this series was to describe the ultrasonographic perfusion pattern in patients with brain death.

Methods: Thirteen patients with different neurologic disorders in whom brain death developed were studied. Transcranial perfusion was analyzed after injection of 2.

[Applications of transcranial color-coded duplex sonography in monitoring neurocritical patients].

Transcranial sonography is a common tool for monitoring neurocritical patients. Transcranial color-coded duplex ultrasonography enables hemodynamic and structural study of the cerebral parenchyma in these patients. Its advantages over conventional ultrasonography are evident and are derived from direct visualization of the vessel to be studied and appropriate adjustment of the sample volume and angle of insonation.

[Cerebral hemodynamics in patients with traumatic brain injury evaluated by transcranial Doppler and transcranial color coded sonography. A comparison study].

Objective: To compare the number of vessels identified and mean velocity and pulsatility index values obtained by transcranial doppler (TCD) and transcranial color coded sonography (TCCS) in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI).

Methods: Thirty patients suffering from TBI admitted in our neurocritical Intensive Care Unit (ICU) were studied. We performed consecutive studies by TCD and TCCS.

Effect of barbiturate coma on adrenal response in patients with traumatic brain injury.

Introduction: Barbiturate coma is the second tier measure recommended by guidelines to treat post-traumatic refractory intracranial pressure. Systemic hypotension is its most important side effect. Recent evidence suggests that low-dose corticosteroid therapy may be used in a subset of patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) to avoid hypotension.