Fabrication and Characterization of a Thermophone Based on Laser-Scribed Graphene Intercalated with Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes.

The low sound pressure level and high operating voltages of thermophones have limited their applications in the past. However, in recent years, utilizing nanomaterials in thermophones has improved their efficiency and applicability. Nanomaterials, especially carbon nanotubes and graphene, have the advantage of low heat capacity per unit area (HCPUA) and high electrical and thermal conductivity.