Comparative analysis of brain volumetric measurements between contrast-enhanced and non-contrast MRI images.

Background: Clinical brain MRI scans, including contrast-enhanced (CE-MR) images, represent an underutilized resource for neuroscience research due to technical heterogeneity.

Purpose: To evaluate the reliability of morphometric measurements from CE-MR scans compared to non-contrast MR (NC-MR) scans in normal individuals.

Methods: T1-weighted CE-MR and NC-MR scans from 59 normal participants (aged 21-73 years) were compared using CAT12 and SynthSeg + segmentation tools.

Ages and Stages Questionnaires in the assessment of young children after cardiac surgery.

Aims: This study explored the prospective use of the Ages and Stages Questionnaires-3 in follow-up after cardiac surgery.

Materials And Method: For children undergoing cardiac surgery at 5 United Kingdom centres, the Ages and Stages Questionnaires-3 were administered 6 months and 2 years later, with an outcome based on pre-defined cut-points: Red = 1 or more domain scores >2 standard deviations below the normative mean, Amber = 1 or more domain scores 1-2 standard deviations below the normal range based on the manual, Green = scores within the normal range based on the manual.

Results: From a cohort of 554 children <60 months old at surgery, 306 participated in the postoperative assessment: 117 (38.

Auditory processing deficits in subacute stroke.

Background: Stroke is the second leading cause of disability worldwide. Stroke results in focal neurological deficit and often leads to auditory problems due to its impact on the auditory pathway. Altered connections in the auditory pathway, caused by stroke, can result in hearing difficulties ranging from impaired sound detection to altered auditory perception.

Dizziness, Light-Headedness or A Clot-In-Transit: Obtaining a History and Physical Examination is Both a Science and an Art.

Introduction: Venous thromboembolism (VTE) rarely presents with dizziness as the primary complaint, which can delay diagnosis. We report a rare case of dizziness as the chief complaint for a clot-in-transit and extensive bilateral pulmonary emboli.

Case Description: A 70-year-old woman presented to the emergency room (ER) with dizziness and a fall, without reporting loss of consciousness.

Neurological Monitoring and Management for Adult Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Patients: Extracorporeal Life Support Organization Consensus Guidelines.

Background: Critical care of patients on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) with acute brain injury (ABI) is notable for a lack of high-quality clinical evidence. Here, we offer guidelines for neurological care (neurological monitoring and management) of adults during and after ECMO support.

Methods: These guidelines are based on clinical practice consensus recommendations and scientific statements.

Accelerating accessibility of CAR-T/NK therapies - Are AlloCARs and rapid manufacturing platforms the road ahead in improving access in multiple myeloma?

While the advent of CAR-T therapies has heralded a new era of efficacious therapies in relapsed/refractory Multiple Myeloma, access continues to be a major limiting factor due to prolonged manufacturing times of autologous products and apheresis and/or manufacturing failures. Allogeneic adoptive cellular therapy products (CAR-T, CAR-NK), currently investigational, are "off-the-shelf" products that may address availability and manufacturing bottlenecks. Novel rapid manufacturing platforms that decrease adoptive cell therapy product development time by weeks are currently being tested in clinical trials and may additionally help bridge the demand-supply chasm.

Euglycemic Ketoacidosis Associated with SGLT-2 Inhibitors in Non-diabetic Patients-A Narrative Review.

Euglycemic ketoacidosis is an acute, life-threatening emergency that is characterized by euglycemia, metabolic acidosis, and ketonemia. It is a well-recognized adverse event in diabetic patients taking sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor (SGLT-2 inhibitor). However, there is limited data on SGLT-2 inhibitor-related euglycemic ketoacidosis in non-diabetic patients.

Euglycemic Ketoacidosis From Semaglutide in a Patient Without Diabetes.

Euglycemic ketoacidosis is a medical emergency characterized by euglycemia, metabolic acidosis, and ketonemia. It is a well-recognized adverse event in patients with diabetes taking sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors. However, little has been reported about euglycemic ketoacidosis using glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists like semaglutide.

Individual patient data meta-analysis on awake pediatric extracorporeal life support: Feasibility and safety of analgesia, sedation and respiratory support weaning, and physiotherapy.

Objective: Awake Extracorporeal Life Support (aECLS) with active mobilization has gained consensus over time, also within the pediatric community. This individual patient data (IPD) meta-analysis summarizes available evidence on pediatric aECLS, its feasibility, and safety regarding sedation weaning, extubation, and physiotherapy.

Methods: PubMed/Medline and Cochrane Database were screened until February 2022.

The approach to extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR) in children. A narrative review by the paediatric ECPR working group of EuroELSO.

Extracorporeal Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (ECPR) has potential benefits compared to conventional Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CCPR) in children. Although no randomised trials for paediatric ECPR have been conducted, there is extensive literature on survival, neurological outcome and risk factors for survival. Based on current literature and guidelines, we suggest recommendations for deployment of paediatric ECPR emphasising the requirement for protocols, training, and timely intervention to enhance patient outcomes.

Cognitive outcome and its neural correlates after cardiorespiratory arrest in childhood.

Hypoxia-ischaemia (HI) can result in structural brain abnormalities, which in turn can lead to behavioural deficits in various cognitive and motor domains, in both adult and paediatric populations. Cardiorespiratory arrest (CA) is a major cause of hypoxia-ischaemia in adults, but it is relatively rare in infants and children. While the effects of adult CA on brain and cognition have been widely studied, to date, there are no studies examining the neurodevelopmental outcome of children who suffered CA early in life.

Neonatal seizures during extra corporeal membrane oxygenation support.

To evaluate EEG monitoring during neonatal ECMO and to identify any correlations between seizure detection to abnormal neuroimaging. Eight-year, service evaluation of neonates who received at least one continuous EEG (cEEG) whilst on ECMO at Great Ormond Street Hospital. Pearson's chi-square test and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used to assess clinical and EEG variables association with seizures and neuroimaging findings.

Prospective evaluation of acute neurological events after paediatric cardiac surgery.

Objectives: Children with CHD are at heightened risk of neurodevelopmental problems; however, the contribution of acute neurological events specifically linked to the perioperative period is unclear.

Aims: This secondary analysis aimed to quantify the incidence of acute neurological events in a UK paediatric cardiac surgery population, identify risk factors, and assess how acute neurological events impacted the early post-operative pathway.

Methods: Post-operative data were collected prospectively on 3090 consecutive cardiac surgeries between October 2015 and June 2017 in 5 centres.

Adjusting diffusing capacity for anemia in patients undergoing allogeneic HCT: a comparison of two methodologies.

Background: Diffusing capacity (DLCO) measurements are affected by hemoglobin. Two adjustment equations are used: Cotes (recommended by ATS/ERS) and Dinakara (used in the hematopoietic stem cell transplantation comorbidity index [HCT-CI]). It is unknown how these methods compare, and which is better from a prognostication standpoint.

Extracorporeal Life Support Organization Registry International Report 2022: 100,000 Survivors.

The Extracorporeal Life Support Organization (ELSO) maintains the world's largest extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) registry by volume, center participation, and international scope. This 2022 ELSO Registry Report describes the program characteristics of ECMO centers, processes of ECMO care, and reported outcomes. Neonates (0-28 days), children (29 days-17 years), and adults (≥18 years) supported with ECMO from 2009 through 2022 and reported to the ELSO Registry were included.

Death by Neurologic Criteria in Children Undergoing Extracorporeal Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation: Retrospective Extracorporeal Life Support Organization Registry Study, 2017-2021.

Objectives: To determine factors associated with brain death in children treated with extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (E-cardiopulmonary resuscitation).

Design: Retrospective database study.

Settings: Data reported to the Extracorporeal Life Support Organization (ELSO), 2017-2021.

The Queen Square Encephalitis Multidisciplinary Team Meeting - experience over three years, pre and post the COVID-19 pandemic.

Background: Patients with suspected encephalitis continue to represent a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge, even in highly resourced centres. In February 2018, we set up a monthly in-person multidisciplinary team meeting (MDT). We describe the experience and outcomes of the MDT over three years.

A Mixed Methods Exploration of Texas School Nurses' Involvement in Addressing Substance Use and Sexual/Reproductive Health Among Students in Alternative High Schools.

Students in alternative high schools (AHSs) have higher levels of substance use and risky sexual behaviors than students in traditional high schools. In this mixed methods study, we examine school nurses' efforts in Texas AHSs to address substance use and sexual/reproductive health. The nurses addressed substance use and sexual reproductive health mostly at the individual level, after students initiated risky behaviors.

Pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management of neuroinflammation in covid-19.

Although neurological complications of SARS-CoV-2 infection are relatively rare, their potential long term morbidity and mortality have a significant impact, given the large numbers of infected patients. Covid-19 is now in the differential diagnosis of a number of common neurological syndromes including encephalopathy, encephalitis, acute demyelinating encephalomyelitis, stroke, and Guillain-Barré syndrome. Physicians should be aware of the pathophysiology underlying these presentations to diagnose and treat patients rapidly and appropriately.