A global research agenda on public health and social measures during emergencies.

The importance of strong coordination for research on public health and social measures was highlighted at the Seventy-fourth World Health Assembly in 2021. This article describes efforts undertaken by the World Health Organization (WHO) to develop a global research agenda on the use of public health and social measures during health emergencies. This work includes a multistep process that started with a global technical consultation convened by WHO in September 2021.

VirulentPred 2.0: An improved method for prediction of virulent proteins in bacterial pathogens.

Virulence proteins in pathogens are essential for causing disease in a host. They enable the pathogen to invade, survive and multiply within the host, thus enhancing its potential to cause disease while also causing evasion of host defense mechanisms. Identifying these factors, especially potential vaccine candidates or drug targets, is critical for vaccine or drug development research.

Influence of plant extracts mixed with endodontic sealers on the growth of oral pathogens in root canal: An study.

Introduction: Microbes are considered as the primary etiological agents in endodontic diseases. Ways of reducing these agents are root canal debridement and antibacterial filling materials. One of the factors in determining the success of endodontic treatment previously was sealing root canals with materials possessing potent bactericidal effect.

Successes and challenges of expansion of environmental poliovirus surveillance in the WHO South-East Asia Region.

The last decade has witnessed an exponential expansion of environmental surveillance (ES) of poliovirus in sewage samples in the World Health Organization (WHO) South-East Asia Region. This has grown from only three sites in Mumbai, India in 2001 to 56 sites in 2017 in Bangladesh, India, Indonesia, Myanmar, Nepal and Thailand. ES is critical to the region in providing evidence of silent transmission of vaccine-derived poliovirus and Sabin-like poliovirus type 2 - especially since the global "switch" to cease use of oral polio vaccine type 2 - and for monitoring the effectiveness of containment activities.

Oral Health Status of Rural and Urban Population of Gurgaon Block, Gurgaon District Using WHO Assessment Form through Multistage Sampling Technique.

Introduction: Oral health is an integral part of general health and well being. Poor oral health can affect a person physiologically and psychologically irrespective of age group.

Aim: To assess the oral health status and treatment needs of urban and rural population of Gurgaon Block, Gurgaon District, Haryana, India.

Diagnostic Methods for Detection of Cotinine Level in Tobacco Users: A Review.

The greatest disease-producing product known to man is tobacco. It is a cause of many oral diseases and adverse oral conditions. In India, tobacco is available in smokeless and smoking form.

Periodontal Intervention in Speedy Orthodontics-A Case Report.

The use of orthodontic treatment in adult patients is becoming more common and these patients have more specific objectives and concerns related to facial and dental aesthetics, specially regarding duration of treatment. Dentists are on the lookout for techniques for increased efficiency in orthodontic treatment. Alveolar Corticotomy-assisted orthodontic treatment is a recent orthodontic technique that is recently gaining wide acceptance and is recorded as effective means of accelerating orthodontic treatment.

Hirudotherapy in Medicine and Dentistry.

The concept of Unani medicine is based on balancing body humours, the imbalance of which causes diseases. The application of leech therapy in medical and dental science is well recognized. Although easy and non-invasive, complications also exist.

"Why We Say No! A Look Through the Editor's Eye".

Background: The rapidly flourishing health science has provided a ground to perform research work and contribute to the field of science. On the other hand, reporting the research is equally important as carrying out research. Many such researches and their ground breaking work remain unreported or do not reach the guild, because of poor drafting skills.

Effect of Saliva on the Tensile Bond Strength of Different Generation Adhesive Systems: An In-Vitro Study.

Background: Newer development of bonding agents have gained a better understanding of factors affecting adhesion of interface between composite and dentin surface to improve longevity of restorations.

Objective: The present study evaluated the influence of salivary contamination on the tensile bond strength of different generation adhesive systems (two-step etch-and-rinse, two-step self-etch and one-step self-etch) during different bonding stages to dentin where isolation is not maintained.

Materials And Methods: Superficial dentin surfaces of 90 extracted human molars were randomly divided into three study Groups (Group A: Two-step etch-and-rinse adhesive system; Group B: Two-step self-etch adhesive system and Group C: One-step self-etch adhesive system) according to the different generation of adhesives used.

Recent vs Conventional Methods of Caries Removal: A Comparative in vivo Study in Pediatric Patients.

Aims: To compare the three different methods of caries removal, conventional method using Airotor and chemomechanical method using Carisolv and Papacarie.

Settings And Design: The patients with multiple carious teeth were selected either in the deciduous dentition or mixed dentition. Ninety primary molars were selected from 30 children (10 males and 20 females) between the age group 6 and 9 years.

Aerosols how dangerous they are in clinical practice.

Background And Objectives: The purpose of the present study was to determine the microbial atmospheric contamination during initial periodontal treatment using a modern piezoelectric scaler and to evaluate the efficacy of two commercially available mouth rinses (0.2% Chlorhexidine mouth rinse and Listerine) in reducing bacterial contamination when used as a pre-procedural rinse, with and without high volume evacuation (Aerosol reduction device).

Materials And Methods: Subjects for the study were selected from the outpatient Department of Periodontics, Sri Siddhartha Dental College and Hospital, Tumkur, India.

Localization of impacted canines.

Impaction of maxillary canines is a frequently encountered clinical problem. The impaction of canine can be prevented in some situationsif the canine displacement is diagnosed in the early mixed dentition period and this would be extremely useful for the clinician. Hence,it is very important to focus on the means of early diagnosis and interception of this clinical situation.

Prevalence of Malocclusion and its Psycho-Social Impact among 12 To 15-Year-old School Children in Lucknow City.

Background: Facial aesthetics affects how people are perceived by society and how they perceive themselves. Anterior malocclusion can have an impact on the overall facial appearance.

Aim: The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of malocclusion and its psycho-social impact among 12 to 15 yrs old school children in Lucknow city.

Cryosurgery: painless and fearless management of mucocele in young patient.

A mucocele is a common benign lesion of the minor salivary gland mucosa that most frequently affects children and young adults. A 6-year-old male patient reported to the Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, with the chief complaint of a painless swelling on floor of the mouth on his left side. The purpose of this case report is to present the treatment of mucocele present in floor of the mouth in a child patient using liquid nitrogen cryosurgery.

Pediatric cervicofacial actinomycosis disclosing an underlying congenital dermoid cyst.

Pediatric cervicofacial actinomycosis is a rare occurrence consequent to dental infections and manipulations or maxillofacial trauma. The clinical presentation ranges from multiple draining sinuses to swellings resembling tumors and cysts. The present unusual case had congenital dermoid cyst of mid upper lip with Actinomyces israelii infection identified on microscopy, culture, and histopathology.

Identifying bacterial virulent proteins by fusing a set of classifiers based on variants of Chou's pseudo amino acid composition and on evolutionary information.

The availability of a reliable prediction method for prediction of bacterial virulent proteins has several important applications in research efforts targeted aimed at finding novel drug targets, vaccine candidates, and understanding virulence mechanisms in pathogens. In this work, we have studied several feature extraction approaches for representing proteins and propose a novel bacterial virulent protein prediction method, based on an ensemble of classifiers where the features are extracted directly from the amino acid sequence and from the evolutionary information of a given protein. We have evaluated and compared several ensembles obtained by combining six feature extraction methods and several classification approaches based on two general purpose classifiers (i.

KiDoQ: using docking based energy scores to develop ligand based model for predicting antibacterials.

Background: Identification of novel drug targets and their inhibitors is a major challenge in the field of drug designing and development. Diaminopimelic acid (DAP) pathway is a unique lysine biosynthetic pathway present in bacteria, however absent in mammals. This pathway is vital for bacteria due to its critical role in cell wall biosynthesis.

Virtual Screening of potential drug-like inhibitors against Lysine/DAP pathway of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Background: An explosive global spreading of multidrug resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is a catastrophe, which demands an urgent need to design or develop novel/potent antitubercular agents. The Lysine/DAP biosynthetic pathway is a promising target due its specific role in cell wall and amino acid biosynthesis. Here, we report identification of potential antitubercular candidates targeting Mtb dihydrodipicolinate synthase (DHDPS) enzyme of the pathway using virtual screening protocols.

ESLpred2: improved method for predicting subcellular localization of eukaryotic proteins.

Background: The expansion of raw protein sequence databases in the post genomic era and availability of fresh annotated sequences for major localizations particularly motivated us to introduce a new improved version of our previously forged eukaryotic subcellular localizations prediction method namely "ESLpred". Since, subcellular localization of a protein offers essential clues about its functioning, hence, availability of localization predictor would definitely aid and expedite the protein deciphering studies. However, robustness of a predictor is highly dependent on the superiority of dataset and extracted protein attributes; hence, it becomes imperative to improve the performance of presently available method using latest dataset and crucial input features.

A machine learning based method for the prediction of secretory proteins using amino acid composition, their order and similarity-search.

Most of the prediction methods for secretory proteins require the presence of a correct N-terminal end of the preprotein for correct classification. As large scale genome sequencing projects sometimes assign the 5'-end of genes incorrectly, many proteins are encoded without the correct N-terminus leading to incorrect prediction. In this study, a systematic attempt has been made to predict secretory proteins irrespective of presence or absence of N-terminal signal peptides (also known as classical and non-classical secreted proteins respectively), using machine-learning techniques; artificial neural network (ANN) and support vector machine (SVM).

DPROT: prediction of disordered proteins using evolutionary information.

The association of structurally disordered proteins with a number of diseases has engendered enormous interest and therefore demands a prediction method that would facilitate their expeditious study at molecular level. The present study describes the development of a computational method for predicting disordered proteins using sequence and profile compositions as input features for the training of SVM models. First, we developed the amino acid and dipeptide compositions based SVM modules which yielded sensitivities of 75.