Gain of Chromosome 6p Correlates with Severe Anaplasia, Cellular Hyperchromasia, and Extraocular Spread of Retinoblastoma.

Purpose: Gain of chromosome 6p has been associated with poor ocular survival in retinoblastoma and histopathologic grading of anaplasia with increased risk of metastatic spread and death. This study examined the correlation between these factors and other chromosomal abnormalities as well as results of whole genome sequencing, digital morphometry, and progression-free survival.

Design: Retrospective cohort study from 2 United States tertiary referral centers.

Clinical and Histopathological Features of Corneal Primary Acquired Melanosis and Melanoma.

Aim: The aim of this study is to describe the clinical and pathologic features of corneal primary acquired melanosis (PAM) and melanoma.

Methods: We describe 3 cases in total: two cases of corneal melanomas and 1 case of corneal PAM. The eyes were processed routinely for histopathological examination.

Secondary ocular malignancies: A review.

Secondary ocular malignancies most commonly spread to the choroid. Previously, the prognosis was poor however, with newer treatments including immunotherapy, patient's life expectancy have increased. It is therefore, important that ophthalmologists diagnose this condition in a timely manner and offer treatment to maximize visual potential and refer them on to oncology colleagues in order to optimize their systemic treatment for their primary cancer.

Atypical Lipomatous Tumor/Well-Differentiated Liposarcoma of the Orbit: Three Cases and Review of the Literature.

The authors present 3 patients from this retrospective case series to review the clinical findings, imaging, pathology, and treatment of orbital atypical lipomatous tumor/well-differentiated liposarcoma. Pathology of biopsy specimens ranged from spindle cell proliferations mimicking neurofibroma to proliferations of well-differentiated adipocytes. Immunohistochemical stains were positive for murine double minute 2 in 1 case, and fluorescent in situ hybridization showed amplification of murine double minute 2 in 2 cases.

Natural course of adult-onset vitelliform lesions in eyes with and without comorbid subretinal drusenoid deposits.

Purpose: Adult vitelliform lesions (AVL) are associated with age related macular degeneration (AMD) and subretinal drusenoid deposits (SRDD). We evaluated the natural course of AVL, assessing the influence of SRDD on disease progression, visual function and incidence of macular atrophy (MA) and choroidal neovascular membranes (CNVM).

Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted between January 2011 and March 2016.

Etiology and Clinical Features of Ocular Inflammatory Diseases in a Tertiary Referral Centre in Sydney, Australia.

Purpose: To report the pattern of uveitis in patients attending a tertiary uveitis service in Sydney, Australia.

Methods: The charts of patients seen between January 2009 and December 2015 were retrospectively reviewed. Data pertaining to patient demographics, eye examination on presentation, work-up and final diagnoses were collected.

Efficacy of dexamethasone versus bevacizumab on regression of hard exudates in diabetic maculopathy: data from the BEVORDEX randomised clinical trial.

Objective: To report the effect of bevacizumab versus dexamethasone on hard exudates (HEX) in diabetic macular oedema (DME).

Design: Post hoc analysis of 24-month data from the Randomised clinical trial of BEVacizumab OR DEXamethasone for diabetic macular oedema (BEVORDEX) phase 2 multicentre randomised clinical trial. Eyes with centre-involving DME resistant to or unlikely to benefit from macular laser therapy were included.

Floppy eyelid syndrome: the coventry experience.

Purpose: Floppy eyelid syndrome is a condition that is difficult to identify and diagnose and with no clear guidelines on its management. We propose a method of reliably grading this syndrome and have proposed a management algorithm based on the grading.

Materials And Methods: Retrospective data collection of patients diagnosed with Floppy eyelid syndrome and treated under the care of a single oculoplastic surgeon over a 9 year period.

The collagen matrix of the human trabecular meshwork is an extension of the novel pre-Descemet's layer (Dua's layer).

Background: The trabecular meshwork (TM) located at the angle of the anterior chamber of the eye contributes to aqueous drainage. A novel layer in the posterior part of the human cornea has recently been reported (the pre-Descemet's layer (Dua's layer (PDL)). We examined the peripheral part of this layer in relation to the origin of the TM.

A Micro-RNA Connection in BRaf(V600E)-Mediated Premature Senescence of Human Melanocytes.

Recent high-throughput-sequencing of the cancer genome has identified oncogenic mutations in BRaf genetic locus as one of the critical events in melanomagenesis. In normal cells, the activity of BRaf is tightly regulated. Gain-of-function mutations like those identified in melanoma frequently lead to enhanced cell-survival and unrestrained growth.

Signalling pathways involved in ribonuclease-7 expression.

Antimicrobial peptides are host defence molecules that play a potential role in preventing infection at the epithelial surfaces. Ribonuclease (RNase)-7 has been shown to possess a broad spectrum of microbicidal activity against various pathogens. Here, we demonstrate that RNase-7 protein is localised to the superficial layers of ocular surface cells and increased in response to interleukin (IL)-1β, suggesting an active role during inflammation related to ocular surface infection.

Comparative transcriptional profiling of the limbal epithelial crypt demonstrates its putative stem cell niche characteristics.

Background: The Limbal epithelial crypt (LEC) is a solid cord of cells, approximately 120 microns long. It arises from the undersurface of interpalisade rete ridges of the limbal palisades of Vogt and extends deeper into the limbal stroma parallel or perpendicular to the palisade. There are up to 6 or 7 such LEC, variably distributed along the limbus in each human eye.

Management of intraoperative floppy-iris syndrome-associated iris prolapse using a single iris retractor.

Tamsulosin is an alpha(1)-adrenergic antagonist known to be linked with intraoperative floppy-iris syndrome (IFIS), which is characterized by iris atonicity and a propensity toward progressive intraoperative pupil constriction and iris prolapse. We present 2 strategies for managing IFIS-associated iris prolapse. Placement of a single subincisional iris retractor following reposition of the prolapsed iris was the more successful approach.

Silicone oil-induced corneal perforation following complex retinal detachment.

Purpose: To report a case of silicone oil-induced corneal perforation following complex retinal detachment surgery.

Methods: Case report.

Results: Two months following a second retinal detachment repair, the patient presented to eye casualty with a corneal perforation secondary to silicone oil keratopathy.

Hormone therapy and intraocular pressure in nonglaucomatous eyes.

Objective: The influence of sex hormones on intraocular pressure (IOP) has been the focus of recent debate. Previous studies investigating the effects of hormone therapy (HT) on IOP in postmenopausal women have produced conflicting results but have been limited by small numbers of participants. The aim of our study was to compare IOP in women without glaucoma taking HT with those not taking HT.

The role of limbal stem cells in corneal epithelial maintenance: testing the dogma.

Objective: To study and characterize the epithelial cells in patients with a central "island" of normal epithelial cells surrounded with 360 degrees of clinically apparent limbal stem cell (SC) deficiency with conjunctivalization of the limbus and peripheral cornea.

Design: Observational, prospective, consecutive case series.

Participants: Five human subjects (8 eyes) who presented with total limbal SC deficiency in 1 or both eyes with a central area of normal corneal epithelial cells.

Optimization of amniotic membrane (AM) denuding for tissue engineering.

Introduction: Amniotic membrane (AM) has gained increasing popularity as a useful carrier for ex vivo-expanded cells for tissue engineering, particularly in ocular surface reconstruction. However, current methods employed for denuding AM are highly variable, and the consequent effects on the structural and molecular composition of the AM basement membrane (BM) are ambiguous. We compare the effects of the main denuding procedures, and propose a highly effective standardized alternative.

Limbal epithelial crypt: a model for corneal epithelial maintenance and novel limbal regional variations.

Objective: To determine the distribution of cell membrane proteins and extracellular matrix proteins around the limbal epithelial crypt (LEC) compared with adjacent limbus and corneal epithelium.

Methods: Serial histological sections of human corneoscleral limbus rims were stained with antibodies of interest by standard immunohistochemistry.

Results: Superficial cells of the limbus were desmoglein 3 positive, compared with the negative basal cells of the limbus that correspond to cells with more stemlike properties.