Dietary Patterns and Geriatric Syndromes in Adults: Analysis of the 2018-19 National Health and Nutrition Survey.

Background: The study of dietary patterns in older adults (OA) and their association with geriatric syndromes (GS) is scarce in Latin America.

Objective: To describe the association of dietary patterns with GS in the Mexican older adult population, using data from the 2018-19 National Health and Nutrition Survey.

Methods: Dietary data were collected from 3,511 adults (≥60 years of age, both sexes) using a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire.

Frailty Was Associated With Atmospheric NO2 Levels: A Geospatial Approach.

Background: Recent evidence has linked air pollution with frailty, yet little is known about the role of NO2 in this association. Our aim was to assess the association between frailty and NO2 air concentrations in Mexican older adults.

Methods: We used georeferenced data from the population-based Nutrition and Health Survey in Mexico (NHNS) 2021, representative of national and subnational regions, to measure a frailty index based on 31 health deficits in adults aged 50 and older.

Long-term inequalities in health among older Mexican adults: An outcome-wide analysis.

The relationship between socioeconomic level and health outcomes in older people has been widely studied, but less information about health inequalities associated with gender and place of residence exists. Also, there is scarce evidence of longitudinal inequalities, particularly in countries from the global south. This study aimed to describe the longitudinal patterns of health inequalities associated with wealth, gender, and residence area among older Mexican adults.

Telomere Length is Associated with the Prevalence, Persistence, and Incidence of Sarcopenia.

Background: Telomere length (TL) shortening has been identified as a marker of aging and associated with adverse health outcomes, but evidence of its association with sarcopenia is inconclusive.

Aims: Estimate the cross-sectional and prospective associations between TL and sarcopenia.

Methods: We used data from Waves 3 and 4 (2017, 2021) of the Study on Global Aging and Adult Health in Mexico (SAGE-Mexico).

Prospective changes in anemia are associated with the incidence and persistence of sarcopenia among older Mexican adults.

Background: Low hemoglobin levels are a significant biomarker in the prognosis of sarcopenia. Anemia and sarcopenia are frequent and disabling conditions in the older adult population, but little is known about the role of anemia in the onset and progression of sarcopenia. This study aimed to determine whether prospective changes in anemia are associated with the incidence and persistence of sarcopenia.

Intrinsic capacity trajectories and socioeconomic inequalities in health: the contributions of wealth, education, gender, and ethnicity.

Background: Life-long health inequalities exert enduring impacts and are governed by social determinants crucial for achieving healthy aging. A fundamental aspect of healthy aging, intrinsic capacity, is the primary focus of this study. Our objective is to evaluate the social inequalities connected with the trajectories of intrinsic capacity, shedding light on the impacts of socioeconomic position, gender, and ethnicity.

Predictors of Frailty Transitions in Mexican Older Adults.

Background: Frailty is a dynamic state in older adults. Current evidence, mostly in high-income countries, found that improving frailty is more likely in mild states (prefrailty). We aimed to determine the probability of frailty transitions and their predictors.

Trajectories of sleep duration and quality and their association with mild cognitive impairment, frailty, and all-cause mortality.

Objectives: To identify longitudinal trajectories of sleep duration and quality and estimate their association with mild cognitive impairment, frailty, and all-cause mortality.

Methods: We used data from three waves (2009, 2014, 2017) of the WHO Study on Global Aging and Adult Health in Mexico. The sample consisted of 2722 adults aged 50 and over.

Mediator effect of caregiver burden on the association between disability and quality of life among older adults.

Objective: To estimate the association of disability and qual-ity of life considering the potential mediating role of caregiver burden among a sample of older Mexican adults and their caregivers.

Materials And Methods: Cross-sectional study with 93 dyads (elderly/caregivers) conducted in 2018 in five localities (urban and rural) of the State of Mexico. The quality of life (QoL) was determined using the WHOQoL (WHO Quality of Life) instrument.

Clinically meaningful change for the chair stand test: monitoring mobility in integrated care for older people.

Background: Clinically meaningful changes in the five-repetition chair stand test are essential for monitoring mobility in integrated care for older people. Recommendations for the clinically meaningful change of the chair stand test are not well known. Our study aimed to estimate the absolute and relative clinically meaningful changes for older adults' five-repetition chair stand test.

Longitudinal trajectories of intrinsic capacity and their association with quality of life and disability.

Objectives: Intrinsic capacity (IC) is a key concept within the World Health Organization's (WHO) healthy aging model. The systematic assessment of IC could provide a better understanding of the functional trajectories of individuals. Our aims were to identify the longitudinal trajectories of IC and estimate their association with quality of life and disability.

Physical activity and sedentary behavior trajectories and their associations with quality of life, disability, and all-cause mortality.

Background: Physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior (SB) are not stable conditions but change over time and among individuals, and both could have deleterious effects on health-related outcomes among older adults. This study aimed to identify the longitudinal trajectories of PA and SB and estimate their association with quality of life, disability, and all-cause mortality in a national sample of older Mexican adults.

Methods: Data comes from three waves of the WHO Study on global AGEing and adult health (SAGE) in Mexico (2009, 2014, 2017).

Changes Among Mexican Adults in Physical Activity and Screen Time During the COVID-19 Lockdown Period and Association With Symptoms of Depression, Anxiety, and Stress, May 29-July 31, 2020.

Introduction: We examined the association between changes in physical activity and leisure screen time and mental health outcomes during the early stages of the recommended COVID-19 stay-at-home period in a national sample of Mexican adults aged 18 years or older.

Methods: A cross-sectional online survey conducted from May 29 through July 31, 2020, among 1,148 participants, reported time spent in physical activity and leisure screen time during a typical week before (retrospectively) and a week during the COVID-19 stay-at-home period. Mental health outcomes during this period were measured with the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21).

Development and Validation of a Cutoff for the Chair Stand Test as a Screening for Mobility Impairment in the Context of the Integrated Care for Older People Program.

Background: The 5-repetition chair stand test (CST) is increasingly being used to assess locomotion capacity in older adults. However, there is a lack of age-stratified cutoffs for adults aged ≥70 validated against a higher risk of functional loss.

Methods: We used 2 population-based studies (Study on global AGEing and adult health in Mexico [SAGE Mexico] and Toledo Study for Healthy Aging [TSHA]) and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses to develop and cross-validate age-stratified chair stand cutoffs with activities of daily living (ADL) disability as the outcome.

Etiology of Anemia in Older Mexican Adults: The Role of Hepcidin, Vitamin A and Vitamin D.

Anemia in older adults is a growing public health issue in Mexico; however, its etiology remains largely unknown. Vitamin A deficiency (VAD) and vitamin D deficiency (VDD) have been implicated in the development of anemia, though by different mechanisms. The aim of this study is to analyze the etiology of anemia and anemia-related factors in older Mexican adults.

Longitudinal association of sarcopenia and mild cognitive impairment among older Mexican adults.

Background: Recent evidence from cross-sectional and longitudinal studies supports the hypothesis that sarcopenia is associated with worsening cognitive function. However, primary evidence largely comes from high-income countries, whereas in low- and middle-income countries, this association has been underexplored. This study aimed to estimate the longitudinal association between sarcopenia and mild cognitive impairment in a sample of older Mexican adults.

Preferences for Conditional Economic Incentives to Improve Pre-exposure Prophylaxis Adherence: A Discrete Choice Experiment Among Male Sex Workers in Mexico.

Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is highly effective in preventing HIV but requires sustained adherence. Conditional economic incentives (CEIs) can improve medication-taking behaviors, yet preferences for programs that employ CEIs to increase PrEP use among male sex workers (MSWs) have not been investigated. We conducted a discrete choice experiment in Mexico City to elicit stated preferences for a CEI-based PrEP adherence program among MSWs.

Sleep duration and incident frailty: The Rural Frailty Study.

Background: The association between sleep duration and frailty remains unconclusive since most of the studies have been cross-sectional. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the association between sleep duration, sleep complaints, and incident frailty.

Methods: A community-based cohort study from rural areas in Mexico with 309 older adults aged 70 and over.

Serum retinol levels are associated with cognitive function among community-dwelling older Mexican adults.

Background: Vitamin A (VA) provides neuroprotection against oxidative stress and brain inflammation. VA deficiency (VAD) increases the risk of neurodegeneration in animal models, but results are inconclusive in humans: particularly in the older adult (OA) population which is at higher risk for micronutrient deficiencies and cognitive impairment.

Objective: To estimate the association between serum retinol levels and cognitive function (CF) in older Mexican adults.

[Health conditions, geriatric syndromes andnutritional status of older adults in Mexico.].

Objective: To generate an updated diagnosis of the health conditions, geriatric syndromes, and nutritional status of older Mexican adults.

Materials And Methods: Descriptive study with a sample of 9 047 older adults aged 60 years and over with national representativeness. We analyzed indicators related to health conditions, geriatric syndromes, and nutritional status, obtaining prevalence as well as tests of differences in proportions and means.

Severity Levels of Disability Among Older Adults in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Results From the Study on Global Ageing and Adult Health (SAGE).

Recent studies suggest the importance of distinguishing the severity levels of disability in the older adult population. However, there is still no consensus regarding an optimal classification. Few studies have estimated the prevalence of severe disability, and the results have been confined to high-income countries.

Out-of-Pocket Healthcare Expenditures in Dependent Older Adults: Results From an Economic Evaluation Study in Mexico.

Dependence is a significant health-related condition for older adults (OA) and implies that self-care is transferred to other people, the community or institutions. Recent studies have analyzed the relationship between out-of-pocket (OOP) healthcare expenditures and dependence. Nonetheless, these studies were not specifically designed to estimate the economic impact of dependence.

Polypharmacy is associated with multiplem health-related outcomes in Mexican community-dwelling older adults.

Objective: To determine the association between polypharmacy and multiple health-related outcomes in older adults.

Materials And Methods: We carried out a cross-sectional analysis with 274 community-dwelling older adults aged ≥60 years in Mexico City. We used the following health-related outcomes: frailty, dementia, functional capacity, falls, disability, and quality of life.

Inflammation and central adiposity as mediators of depression and uncontrolled diabetes in the study on global AGEing and adult health (SAGE).

Objectives: Diabetes and depression are commonly present in the same individuals, suggesting the possibility of underlying shared physiological processes. Inflammation, as assessed with the biomarker C-reactive protein (CRP), has not consistently explained the observed relationship between diabetes and depression, although both are associated with inflammation and share proposed inflammatory mechanisms. Central adiposity has also been associated with both conditions, potentially by causing increased inflammation.