Risk factors for prolonged recovery from concussion in young patients.

Objectives: For young patients sustaining concussion, assessing recovery is vital in determining safe return to play. Identifying risk factors may aid clinicians in recognising patients at risk for prolonged recovery. The study objective is to identify risk factors for prolonged (>28 days) and extended (>90 days) recovery (defined as symptom duration) and analyse how these risk factors differ between the two groups.

Treatment of Extensor Tendon Disruption After Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Systematic Review.

Background: Patellar or quadriceps tendon ruptures after total knee arthroplasty constitute a devastating complication with historically poor outcomes. With advances in soft tissue reconstruction and repair techniques, treatment has become more nuanced. Numerous graft options for reconstruction and suture techniques for repair have been described but there is no consensus regarding optimal treatment.

Analysis of the roles of microporosity and BMP-2 on multiple measures of bone regeneration and healing in calcium phosphate scaffolds.

Osteoinductive agents, such as BMP-2, are known to improve bone formation when combined with scaffolds. Microporosity (<20 μm) has also been shown to influence bone regeneration in calcium phosphate (CaP) scaffolds. However, many studies use only the term "osteoconductive" to describe the effects of BMP-2 and microporosity on bone formation, and do not assess the degree of healing that occurred.

Morphologic and transcriptomic comparison of adipose- and bone-marrow-derived porcine stem cells cultured in alginate hydrogels.

Advances in bioengineering, material chemistry, and developmental biology have led to the design of three-dimensional (3D) culture systems that better resemble the surrounding structure and chemistry of the in situ niches of cells in tissues. This study was designed to characterize and compare porcine adipose-derived stem cells (ADSC) and bone-marrow-derived stem cells (BMSC) induced to differentiate toward osteogenic and adipogenic lineages in vitro by using a 3D alginate hydrogel. The morphology and gene expression of the two cell populations during differentiation were analyzed.

The effect of BMP-2 on micro- and macroscale osteointegration of biphasic calcium phosphate scaffolds with multiscale porosity.

It is well established that scaffolds for applications in bone tissue engineering require interconnected pores on the order of 100 microm for bone in growth and nutrient and waste transport. As a result, most studies have focused on scaffold macroporosity (>100 microm). More recently researchers have investigated the role of microporosity in calcium phosphate -based scaffolds.

Multiscale osteointegration as a new paradigm for the design of calcium phosphate scaffolds for bone regeneration.

The role of macropore size (>100 microm) and geometry in synthetic scaffolds for bone regeneration has been studied extensively, but successful translation to the clinic has been slow. Significantly less attention has been given to porosity at the microscale (0.5-10 microm).

Decreased bone turnover with balanced resorption and formation prevent cortical bone loss during disuse (hibernation) in grizzly bears (Ursus arctos horribilis).

Disuse uncouples bone formation from resorption, leading to increased porosity, decreased bone geometrical properties, and decreased bone mineral content which compromises bone mechanical properties and increases fracture risk. However, black bear bone properties are not adversely affected by aging despite annual periods of disuse (i.e.