Challenging the dichotomy: Examining parent socialization goals and behaviors regarding positive affect in Bengaluru, India.

Parents' responses to youth positive affect (PA) have been dichotomized as enhancing and dampening. This dichotomy may not fit with cultural scripts about emotion in communities where a balance between positive and negative emotions is preferred. To assess parents' PA socialization in a culturally relevant manner for urban, middle-class families in India, we developed a new measure of parental goals about happiness and adapted the Responses to Adolescent Happy Affect Scale (RAHAS).

Training in Cultural Competence for Mental Health Care: A Mixed-Methods Study of Students, Faculty, and Practitioners from India and USA.

Although the need to train clinicians to provide effective mental health care to individuals from diverse backgrounds has been recognized worldwide, a bulk of what we know about training in cultural competence (CC) is based on research conducted in the United States. Research on CC in mental health training from different world populations is needed due to the context-dependent nature of CC. Focusing on India and USA, two diverse countries that provide complementary contexts to examine CC, we explored graduate students', practicing clinicians', and faculty members' perspectives regarding CC training they received/provided and future training needs using mixed-methods.

COVID-19 parent stress in Middle Eastern and North African countries: Relations to family adjustment.

The COVID-19 pandemic has been stressful for individuals worldwide, including parents. Most research investigating stress during the pandemic has focused on single stressors in relation to outcomes and has been conducted in Western countries. Among parents from Middle Eastern and North African (MENA) countries, the present study used latent class analysis to identify specific subgroups of individuals based on combinations of stressful events experienced during the first two waves of the COVID-19 global pandemic.

ADHD, chronotype, and circadian preference in a multi-site sample of college students.

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and an evening chronotype are both common among college students, and there is growing interest in understanding the possible link between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and circadian function. However, mixed findings have been reported, and many of the existing studies have used small samples that were unable to examine chronotype across attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder presentations. Participants were 4751 students (73% female; 80% White), aged 18-29 years (M = 19.

ADHD and dangerous driving in emerging adults: The moderating role of family climate for road safety.

Dangerous driving accounts for 95% of driving fatalities among emerging adults. Emerging adult drivers exhibiting symptoms of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) are at greater risk for motor vehicle crashes and engaging in unsafe driving practices; however, not all individuals with ADHD symptoms exhibit such risk. Several studies have found that drivers' perceptions of their family's values and priorities related to driving practices predict driving outcomes among emerging adults; these factors have not been examined in the context of ADHD symptomology.

Prospective Associations Between Fears of Negative Evaluation, Fears of Positive Evaluation, and Social Anxiety Symptoms in Adolescence.

Fear of negative evaluation (FNE) and fear of positive evaluation (FPE) are independently associated with social anxiety symptoms in adolescence, though no study has tested these relations longitudinally. The current study examined longitudinal relations between FNE, FPE, and social anxiety symptoms using a multi-informant design, in addition to testing adolescent gender as a moderator. Adolescents (N = 113; M = 12.

Profiles of adolescents' sadness, anger, and worry regulation: Characterization and relations with psychopathology.

Adaptive emotion regulation (ER) reflects competence in effective emotion expression and emotion coping, both of which are critical to mitigating psychopathology risk. The current study extends past work on adolescent ER in three ways. First, using a functionalist framework, we focused on discrete emotions, examining how adolescents may differentially express and cope with sadness, anger, and worry.

Psychometric properties of the children's emotion management scales within a psychiatric sample.

The Children's Emotion Management Scales (CEMS) are widely used measures of children's emotion regulation strategies in response to three specific emotions: sadness, anger, and worry. Original factor analyses suggested a three-factor subscale structure for each emotion: inhibition, dysregulation, and coping (Zeman et al., 2001, 2002, 2010).

Resilience in mothers during the COVID-19 pandemic.

The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has brought immense psychological pressure and disruptions to daily life for all individuals, and particularly children, parents, and families. Despite these difficulties, parents are able to show resilience through adaptive coping and positive parenting behaviors. Although there is robust research on resilience in children, very little research has tested predictors of parental resilience.

A longitudinal examination of the relation between academic stress and anxiety symptoms among adolescents in India: The role of physiological hyperarousal and social acceptance.

Academic stress is a critical aspect of adolescent experience around the world, but particularly in countries with dense populations that lead to highly competitive college admissions. With a population of over one billion people, the competition for higher education in India is significantly high. Although research has shown that academic pressures are associated with anxiety in adolescents, this work is primarily cross-sectional.

Transactional relations between maternal anxiety and toddler anxiety risk through toddler-solicited comforting behavior.

Introduction: Transactional developmental and anxiety theories suggest that mothers and toddlers may influence each other's anxiety development across early childhood. Further, toddlers' successful solicitations of comfort during uncertain, yet manageable, situations, may be a behavioral mechanism by which mothers and toddlers impact each other over time. To test these ideas, the current study employed a longitudinal design to investigate bidirectional relations between maternal anxiety and toddler anxiety risk (observed inhibited temperament and mother-perceived anxiety, analyzed separately), through the mediating role of toddler-solicited maternal comforting behavior, across toddlerhood.

Parents' Beliefs, Depressive Symptoms, and Emotion Regulation Uniquely Relate to Parental Responses to Adolescent Positive Affect.

Parents' socialization of positive affect is relevant during adolescence, given that parents play a key role in the development of youth emotional competency. The current study hypothesized that parent characteristics (emotion regulation, belief that positive emotions are costly, and depressive symptoms) would be uniquely related to both dampening and enhancing responses to youth positive affect. Parents (n = 373) of adolescents (youth ages 10-17 years) were recruited through Amazon Mechanical Turk.

A Multi-Method, Multi-Informant Test of Maternal Emotion Socialization in Relation to Adolescent Fears of Social Evaluation.

Fears of negative and positive social evaluation are considered potential transdiagnostic mechanisms underpinning multiple internalizing disorders and impairments in adolescence. Although emotion socialization processes have been associated with adolescents' internalizing symptoms, the socialization of distinct fears of social evaluation has not been studied. Thus, the goal of the current study was to test whether mother's emotion expression, direct messages, responses to emotions, and parenting behaviors interact with adolescents' gender and temperamental shyness in relation to fears of negative and positive evaluation.

Indirect effect of family climate on adolescent depression through emotion regulatory processes.

Adolescent depression is a serious public health concern, warranting examination of its development. A negative family emotional climate (NFEC) is one risk factor for the development of depressive symptoms. The specific emotion regulatory processes linking NFEC and depression, however, remain unclear.

Disentangling the effects of attentional difficulties on fears of social evaluation and social anxiety symptoms: Unique interactions with sluggish cognitive tempo.

Although fears of negative and positive social evaluation are hallmark cognitive features of social anxiety, attentional difficulties may exacerbate the relation between fears of social evaluation and social anxiety. Thus, the goal of the current study was to test whether two different types of self-reported attentional difficulties, specifically sluggish cognitive tempo (SCT) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) inattention symptoms, moderate the relation between fears of social evaluation and social anxiety. Participants (N = 4756; Mage = 19.

Factor structure of the family climate for road safety scale in emerging adults in the United States.

The Family Climate for Road Safety Scale (FCRSS) was developed to measure parenting behaviors specific to the driving context. The original validation study found a scale structure composed of seven factors. However, this structure has not been consistently replicated.

Fear of positive evaluation and social anxiety: A systematic review of trait-based findings.

Background: Although fear of negative evaluation (FNE) has long been recognized as a core cognitive bias in social anxiety, fear of positive evaluation (FPE) has received considerable attention over the past several years. The literature would benefit from a synthesis of the current state of the research in order to contribute to our understanding of FPE.

Methods: A systematic review of the literature was conducted in order to address several questions: (a) Is self-reported FPE distinct from self-reported FNE? (b) Is self-reported FPE related to social anxiety symptomatology? and (c) Is self-reported FPE uniquely related to social anxiety symptomatology when accounting for self-reported FNE? Inclusion criteria included studies published in English, testing FPE and FNE with trait-based measures, and testing social anxiety with either self-report or diagnostic interviews.

Sluggish cognitive tempo and ADHD symptoms in relation to task-unrelated thought: Examining unique links with mind-wandering and rumination.

Recent theoretical and empirical evidence highlights associations between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms and task-unrelated thought, including mind-wandering and rumination. However, it has been hypothesized that sluggish cognitive tempo (SCT), characterized by daydreaming and staring behaviors, may uniquely relate to task-unrelated thought. The purpose of the present study was to test whether SCT symptoms are associated with greater mind-wandering and rumination, and whether this association remains when controlling for ADHD and internalizing symptoms.

Sluggish cognitive tempo and positive valence systems: Unique relations with greater reward valuation but less willingness to work.

Background: Research has started conceptualizing sluggish cognitive tempo (SCT) within the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC), but no study has tested SCT symptomatology in relation to the positive valence systems.

Methods: Participants (N = 4,679; 18-29 years; M = 19.08, SD = 1.

An Emotion Recognition-Awareness Vulnerability Hypothesis for Depression in Adolescence: A Systematic Review.

In this systematic review, we examined the evidence for an adolescent emotion recognition-awareness vulnerability to depression. The current review provided a qualitative synthesis of the emotion recognition (26 studies) and emotion awareness (38 studies) literatures for adolescent depression and was grounded within the framework of affective social competence (Halberstadt et al. in Soc Dev 10:79-119, 2001).

Barkley Deficits in Executive Functioning Scale (BDEFS): Validation in a Large Multisite College Sample.

Despite the importance of daily life executive functioning (EF) for college students' success, few measures exist that have been validated in college students specifically. This study examined the factor structure of the Barkley Deficits in Executive Functioning Scale (BDEFS) in college students. Participants were 1,311 students (ages 18-28 years, 65% female) from five universities in the United States.

Sluggish Cognitive Tempo and Personality: Links to BIS/BAS Sensitivity and the Five Factor Model.

We evaluated sluggish cognitive tempo (SCT) symptoms in relation to personality as assessed via both the Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory (BIS/BAS) and Five Factor (Big 5) Model of personality. 3,172 students from five universities completed psychopathology, BIS/BAS, and Big 5 measures. Correlations and path models with SCT, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) dimensions, and anxiety/depression in relation to personality were examined.

The Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scales (RCADS): Psychometric Evaluation in Children Evaluated for ADHD.

Co-occurring internalizing symptoms are common and important to assess in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). One frequently used child self-report measure of internalizing symptoms is the Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scales (RCADS), yet the psychometric properties of the RCADS remain unexamined in children referred for ADHD specifically. The present study evaluated the RCADS in 117 children (ages 8-12; 66% male) evaluated for suspected ADHD at an ADHD specialty clinic (83% met criteria for ADHD).